| Tea seed germplasm are by-products of tea production.China is the largest tea production country in the world.The resources of tea seeds are rich.How to develop using of resources is important to improve economic.This research from 3 parts to test,First of all,the dynamic changes of tea seeds’ moisture content,oil content,vitamin E content,squalene content,main fatty acids components during mature process;Secondly,42 tea seeds germplasm were collected to compared the differences of moisture content,oil content,vitamin E content,squalene content,main fatty acids components;The third,studied on low temperature extraction process by liquefaction butane as extraction solvent.Respectively test 3 factors of ethanol addition amount,extracted time and extracted temperature,which effect on the yield of tea seeds oil,designed secondary orthogonal rotation test on this basis and obtained model of optimum extraction process.1.4 cultivars of fuding dabai tea,fuyun 6,huangdan and rougui were chose to be tested materials,during mature process,4 cultivars of tea seeds peel’s average moisture content(77.02%～79.48%),which general changed stationarily.Testa’s average moisture content(38.53%～42.11%)and kernel’s average moisture content(57.59%-68.14%),which changed greatly.Oil average content(16.69%～20.12%),compared with others huangdan’s difference was significant(P<0.05).There was no obvious difference among November 7,October 28 and October 28.It showed that oil content changed stationarily during this time.Vitamin E average content(445.54～570.38μg/g),the difference of fuyun 6 and rougui were significant(P<0.05).The difference of November 7 and October 28 were extremely significant(P<0.01),which showed that Vitamin E content changed greatly at mature time.Squalene average content(123.31～161.42μg/g),There was no obvious difference among 4 cultivars.Compared with September 18,November 7’s difference was extremely significant(P<0.01),but no obvious difference compared with October 28,it showed that squalene content changed greatly during mature process,but at mature time the squalene content changed stationarily.Palmitic acid(17.83%-19.89%)sustainable decreased slowly.Stearic acid(2.18%-2.57%)sustainable increased slowly.Oleic acid(42.39%～45.90%)increased firstly and decreased subsequently,then increased.Linoleic acid(27.84%～33.91%)decreased firstly and increased subsequently,then decreased.The change of oil content,vitamin E content,squalene content and main fatty acids components may closely related to moisture content.The best time to pick was November 7,when the tea seeds oil content was the highest amount based on using oil.The best time to pick was October 28,if the change of vitamin E content,squalene content and main fatty acids components were considered.2.42 tea seeds germplasm were tested materials,treated and analyzed moisture content,oil content,vitamin E content,squalene content and main fatty acids components.The results showed that,moisture average content(6.90%),oil average content(27.60%),squalene average content(20.10μg/g),there was no obvious difference between fine cultivars and local cultivars.Vitamin E average content(952.60μg/g),the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01)between fine cultivars and local cultivars.Saturated fatty acid(20.59%),monounsaturated fatty acid(50.57%),polyunsaturated fatty acid(28.11%),the ratio was 1.00:2.46:1.37,which could reach the standard of high quality food oil.In fine cultivars and local cultivars,the difference of heptadecylic acid and octadecanoic acid were extremely significant(P<0.01),the difference of arachic acid and eicosenoic acid were significant(P<0.05),there was no obvious difference among others.When principal component analysis,stearic acid,arachidic acid,palmitic acid and DHA were the major compositions of tea seeds oil’s fatty acids,and PUFA,vitamin E and SFA were the major compositions of tea seeds oil.The oil content,vitamin E content,squalene content and main fatty acids components of fine cultivars were better than local cultivars.The DHA with a mean of 0.11%was discovered in 38 cultivars,which exploited idea for tea seeds resource utilization.Tea seeds oil was high quality food oil,which possesses a high level of antioxidant component,and low levels of erucic acid(0.07%)and TFA(0.04%).3.Took tea seeds of jinguanyin and fuyun 6 as raw material,liquefaction butane as extraction solvent,studied on ethanol addition amount that has influence on yield,which took on the tend of increased firstly and decreased subsequently.The difference of addition 120ml and addition 180ml were significant(P<0.05),the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01)between addition 120ml and addition 60ml.Chose 120ml as addition.Extracted time has influence on yield,which increased to certain limit then kept stable.There was no obvious difference among 60min,75min and 90min.The difference was extremely significant(P<0.01)between 60min and 45min.Chose 60min as extracted time.Extracted temperature has influence on yield,which increased to certain limit then kept stable.There was no obvious difference between-5℃ and 0℃.The difference was extremely significant(P<0.01)between-5℃ and-10℃.Chose-5℃ as extracted temperature.Determined addition were 15.9ml and 184.1ml,which were under asterisk arm and up asterisk arm of ethanol addition amount.Determined temperature were-14.7℃ and-1.3℃,which were under asterisk arm and up asterisk arm of extracted temperature.Determined time were 43.2min and 76.8min,which were under asterisk arm and up asterisk arm of extracted time.Designed secondary orthogonal rotation test on this basis.Mathematical simulation of ethanol addition amount,extracted time and extracted temperature,which effect on yield,then established dynamic model of extraction.When rejected not significant term on significant level(α=0.05).Y=81.99229+3.87505X2-1.78190X12-2.22914 X32+2.94875 X1 X2 Obtained the best combination factors that ethanol addition amount was 184.1ml,extracted temperature was-1.3℃ and extracted time was 60min,the yield could reach 91.81%. |
PDF Full Text Request