Effects Of Water Supplemented With Probiotics On Production Performance Of Ducks And Water Quality Of Livestock Farm

Pollution from manure is the major issue in animal husbandry,it has greatly influenced not only on waterfowl health,but severely affected water quality of livestock farm and perimeter zone.According to the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China,Photosynthetic bacteria(Rhodopseudomonas palustris,PSB)and B.subtilis(Approved Feed Additives,2008)can be used as feed additives,and also called as probiotics.Saccharicterpenin was extracted from plants of the family Theaceae,which contain triterpenoid saponins and polysaccharides.They have drawn widespread concern and research for their positive effects,such as enhancing immune function,promoting growth,increasing egg-laying rate,improving egg quality and adjusting intestinal microflora balance.However,there was a few researches focused on studying the effects of new feed additive on production performance of waterfowl and the water quality of livestock farm.Therefore,we investigated the effects of water supplemented with new additive on production performance of Jinyun ducks,and the effects of PSB in pool water on water quality in animal production of livestock farm,which provided some basic information for future research.Main results for this study are as follows:1.Effects of Water Supplemented with B.subtilis and Photosynthetic Bacteria on Egg Production,Egg Quality,Serum Immunoglobulins and Digestive Enzyme Activity of DucksTo investigate the effects of water supplemented with B.subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria(PSB)on egg production,egg quality,serum immunoglobulins and digestive enzyme activities of Jinyun ducks,and 400 healthy Jinyun ducks(58-week old)were randomly allotted to 5 treatments with 4 replicates and 20 ducks in each replicate.The animals were pre-fed for 15 days and fed for 54 days.Experiment design:Negative-control group C1 was given no supplementation;control group 2 was given pool water with added PSB but not B.subtilis.Test groups T1,T2,and T3 were given the same amount of PSB in the pool water and varying levels of B.subtilis in drinking water.Results:The laying rate in group T3 were 6.24%higher than in group Cl(P<0.01).The feed-to-egg ratio in group T3 were 9.0%lower than in group C1((P<0.05).The serum IgA,IgG and IgM in group T2 were 33.40%(P<0.05),22.47%(P<0.01)and 17.66%(,P>0.05)higher than those in group Cl respectively.The serum IgA,IgG and IgM in group C2 were 32.95%(P>0.05),20.22%(P<0.05)and 16.33%(P>0.05)higher than those in group C1,respectively.The Albumen height in groups C2 and T1 were 18.79%(P<0.01)and 19.08%(P<0.01)higher than those in group C1,respectively.The Haugh unit in groups C2 and T1 were 10.30%(P<0.01)and 10.06%(P<0.01)higher than those in group C1,respectively.The trypsin,lipase and amylase activities in groups T1 and T2 were higher than in group C1(P>0.05),respectively.Conclusion:PSB and B.subtilis significantly increased the laying rate,decreased the feed to egg ratio,and improved the egg quality in ducks.Mover,the yolk-to-egg ratio was raised in PSB treatment group.2.Effects of Water Supplemented with Saccharicterpenin and Photosynthetic Bacteria on Egg Production,Egg Quality,Serum Immunoglobulins,and Digestive Enzyme Activities of DucksTo investigate the effects of water supplemented with Saccharicterpenin and photosynthetic bacteria(PSB)on egg production,egg quality,serum immunoglobulins,and digestive enzyme activities of Jinyun ducks,and 400 healthy Jinyun ducks(58-week old)were randomly allotted to 5 treatments,with 4 replicates per treatment and 20 ducks in each replicate.The animals were fed with a standard diet for 15 days and the experirmental diet for 55 days.Experimental design:Negative-control group C1 was given no supplementation in drinking water and pool water;control group 2 was given pool water with added PSB but not Saccharicterpenin.Test groups T1,T2,and T3 were given the same amount of PSB in the pool water and varying levels of Saccharicterpenin in drinking water.Results:The average egg weight in groups C2,T1,T2,and T3 were 2.23%(P<0.01),0.91%(P<0.01),2.41%(P<0.01),and 1.44%(P<0.01)higher than those in group C1,respectively.The feed-to-egg ratios in groups T1 and T2 were 4.53%(P<0.05)and 5.58%(P<0.01)lower than those in group C1,respectively.The laying rate in groups T1 and T2 were 3.08%(P<0.05)and 3.44%(P<0.05)higher than those in group C1,respectively.The yolk color scores were 2.42%(P<0.05)and 1.76%(P>0.05)lower in group T2 and T3 than those in group C1,respectively.The average yolk weight in group T3 was 5.71%(P<0.05)higher than in group C1.The amylase activities in group T2 and T3 were 250.42%(P<0.01)and 172.88%(P<0.05)higher than those in group C1.Conclusion:The results suggest that PSB combined with Saccharicterpenin had benificial effects on the average egg weight,feed-to-egg ratio,laying rate,and amylase activity,but exist some bad effects on the yolk color score.Additionally,PSB alone can increase the average egg weight.3.Effects of Probiotics on Water Quality in the Animal Production of Livestock FarmThe present study investigated the effects of probiotics on water quality in the real animal production of livestock,and 300 58-week-old healthy Jinyun ducks were randomly allotted to 5 treatments,and 3 pens per treatment with 20 ducks in each pen.These animals were pre-fed for 15 days and fed for 54 days.Experimental design:Group C1,nothing supplemented into drinking water and pool water;Group C2,pool water supplemented with 20 mg·L-1 Photosynthetic bacteria only;Group T1,pool water supplemented with 20 mg·L-1 Photosynthetic bacteria and 125 mg·L-1 Bacillus subtilis added into drinking water;Group T2,pool water supplemented with 20 mg·L-1 Photosynthetic bacteria and 250 mg·L-1 Bacillus subtilis added to drinking water;Group T3,pool water supplemented with 20 mg·L-1 Photo synthetic bacteria and 375 mg·L-1 Bacillus subtilis added to drinking water.Group C1 and group C2were used as the control groups.Conclusion:The increasing rate of total organic carbon,total inorganic carbon,total carbon and total phosphorus content was limited by probiotics combination treatment groups than the empty group with that of the increasing treatment time,and the effect was better than Photosynthetic bacteria alone treatment.Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria treatment had little effect on the C/N ratio.And this results also suggested that the Bacillus subtilis and Photosynthetic bacteria treatment had some benificial effects on the organic matter degradation,but the effects were limited by the persistent feces discharged.4.Dynamic Comparation on the Usage of Probiotics in Organic Wastewater Treatment under Aerobic Conditions in a Diurnal EnvironmentThe study aims at evaluating and comparing pollution removal in wastewater treatment via the use of probiotics alone or in combination under aerobic conditions in diurnal cycles.Herein,650 mL of organic wastewater was stored in 1 L conical flasks and then randomly divided into three treatment groups,each experiment was repeated three times.Group A was supplemented with 2%(v/v)photosynthetic bacteria(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)alone;group B was supplemented with 2%(v/v)B.subtilis alone;group C was supplemented with 1%(v/v)photosynthetic bacteria(PSB)and 1%(v/v)B.subtilis.Results showed that the pH increases were in the order:Group A ? Group C ?Group B.The performance of the probiotics in terms of ammonia nitrogen and TN removal was in the order:Group A ? Group C ? Group B,while in terms of TOC and TC removal were:Group C = Group B ? Group A.Conclusion:The effect of probiotics combination treatment on ammonia nitrogen and TN removal had a better effect than that using B.subtilis alone,but worse than that using PSB alone.The effect of B.subtilis alone treatment on TOC and TC removal was better than that using PSB alone,but the combination of PSB and B.subtilis showed more benefits on TOC and TC removal.