Pollution Characteristics And Deposition Ffluxes Of Organic Pollutants In The Atmosphere In The Upper Reaches Of Huaihe River

Focusing on the atmospheric environment in the upper reaches of Huaihe River in Henan province,this paper studied systematically and comprehensively the content characteristics,temporal and spatial distribution and deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),organophosphorus flame retardants(PFRs)and N-alkanes in gasous samples and deposition particle samples collected from 2013 to 2014 for the first time,which was a compensation to the vacancy of researches on PAHs,PFRs and N-alkanes in the atmosphere in the upper reaches of Huaihe River in China.Besides this research provided scientific basis for controlling air pollution of Huaihe River,establishing a database of persistent organic pollutants and managing the environment.The main results are shown in the below.(1)The total concentration of PAHs in the gas phase ranged from 3.61 ng/m3 to 425 ng/m3 and the average level was 110 ng/m3;that of PAHs in particle gas ranged from 483 ng/g to 2.54E+04 ng/g and the average concentration was 6.70E+03 ng/g;PHE was the compound with the highest level in both phases.The total amount of PFRs in the gas phase varied from 458 pg/m3 to 1.83E+03 pg/m3 with the average of 963 pg/m3;the total amount of PFRs in the particle phase varied from 220 ng/g to 4.56E+04 ng/g with the average of 5.49E+03 ng/g.The variation range of total concentrations of N-alkanes in the gaseous phase was from 14.1 ng/m3 to 1.47E+04 ng/m3 and the mean concentration was 3.42E+03 ng/m3;that of N-alkanes in the particle phase was from 8.22E+04 ng/g to 3.12E+06 ng/g with the average value of 5.32E+05 ng/g;in both phases Nonacosane was the major pollutant.The contents of PAHs and PFRs in the gas and particle phases in this area were in medium level,while those of N-Alkanes in both phases were above the middle level.(2)PAHs had the maximum total concentration in winter in gas phase with the dominant compounds of 2-ring and 3-ring PAHs;thetotal concentration of PAHs in particle samples collected in winter was the highest as well,with the main pollutants of high-ring PAHs;the reaaon why the concentrations of PAHs in winter are higher than that in spring and summer was the industrial activities such as coal industry,electricity generation and emissions from cars.For PFRs,the total concentration in the gas phase reached its highest value in winter with the main compounds of alkyl-PFRs;the total amount in the particle phase reached the peak in spring with the dominant compounds of aryl-PFRs;the seasonal variety of concentrations of PFRs could be determined by application amounts and physicochemical properties of PFRs.The concentrations of N-Alkanes reached the highest in summer in both gas and particle phases,this is because thriving higher plants released a large amount N-Alkanes,coupled with the contribution of automobile exhaust.In the gas phase,the maximun concentration site of PAHs was M2 and the low-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds;the maximum of the total concentration of PAHs in the particle samples appeared in the M5 and the high-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds.In the gas samples,the highest level was shown in M2 and alkyl-PFRs were the main compounds;the top concentration of PFRs in the particle phase was shown in M4 with the primary compounds of aryl-PFRs.The maximum concentration sites of N-Alkanes in both phases were M6,and the main compound was N-nonacosane.In gas phase concentrations of N-alkanes showed a normal distribution with the increase of carbon number while in particle samples odd-carbon number predominance was obvious.(3)The total deposition fluxes of PAHs ranged from 52.1 ng/m2/d to 2.07E+03 ng/m2/d with the average of 388 ng/m2/d;the range of total deposition fluxes of PFRs was from 66.9 ng/m2/d to 1.12E+03 ng/m2/d and the average level was 207 ng/m2/d;the total deposition fluxes of N-Alkanes varied from 3.98E+03 ng/m2/d to 3.52E+05 ng/m2/d with the average of 3.78E+04 ng/m2/d.PAHs had the highest deposition fluxes in winter with the higher deposition fluxes of high-ring PAHs;the peak deposition fluxes of PFRs occured in spring,and aryl-PFRs were the primary compounds with the top deposition fluxes;the maximum deposition fluxes of N-alkanes occurred in summer and N-nonacosan was the pollutant with the highest depositon fluxes.The maximum deposition fluxes sites of PAHs,PFRsand N-Alkanes were M2,M4 and M7,respectively.