Isolation,Preparation,Characterization Of Tea Saponin And Related Application Evaluation

Tea saponin is a compound of oleanene-type triterpene oligoglycosides with natural surface activating,physiological activity and ichthyism activity.In order to use camellia fruit effectively,we used the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera and the waste of tea seed oil extraction as the meteiral to extract tea saponin.We adopted countercurrent extraction,aqueous calcium complexing precipitation and acid releade method in extraction and purification,and evaluation of its application performance in washing,bacteriostatic and ichthyism activity were perforemed.The fruit shell of Camellia oleifera,the waste of tea seed oil extraction and their mixtures were used as different kinds of raw material in tea saponin extraction.The quantity and concentration of saponin,quantity of total polysaccharides and total protein were used as quality index to optimize the multi-stage countercurrent extraction methods.When the material is Camellia oleifera fruit shell,the results show that the optimized extraction conditions were four-stage countercurrent extraction,liquid-solid ratio 8:1,pH value 9,90 min extraction at 80?,in which the yield of tea saponin was 13.5%(Saponin 13.51g/100g of raw materials),the yield of total protein was 4.38%,and the yield of total polysaccharides was 24.01%.When the material is the waste of tea seed oil extraction,the results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were three-stage countercurrent extraction,liquid-solid ratio 8:1,pH value 9,45 min extraction at 60?,in which the yield of tea saponin was 14.42%,the yield of total protein was 9.98%,the yield of total polysaccharides was 22.61%.With mixed raw materials,the results show that the optimized extraction conditions were four-stage countercurrent extraction,material mixing ratio 1:1,liquid-solid ratio 8:1,pH value 9,45 min extraction at 60?,in which the yield of tea saponin was 13.95%,the yield of total protein was 6.75%,the yield of total polysaccharides was 21.63%.The purification of tea saponin was performed by calcium precipitation and acid release method.Calcium oxide was used as the precipitant,and the results show that the optimized precipitation process conditions were 17?23 mg/mL of tea saponin,2%calcium oxide,room temperature complexation precipitation 1.5?2.0 h,in which the deposition rate was 90.12%.Oxalic acid was used as transforming agent,and the results show that the optimized transforming process conditions were with 10%Oxalic acid,liquid-solid ratio 12.5:1,reaction 2.0 h in room temperature,adjusting pH value 7,in which the coversion of tea saponin was 90.35%,the yield of total protein was 2.43%,and the yield of total carbohydrate was 9.44%.The saponin from Camellia oleifera fruit shell,the waste of tea seed oil extraction and mixture of both were identified and characterizated by their physical and chemical properties.The natural surface activating of tea saponin was evaluated by oil decontamination ability.In cloth washing,the decontamination rate of 0.1%saponin was 40%,the same as commercially available washing powder.When 0.10%saponin sample mixtrued with 0.45%sodium perborate,the decontamination rate was 50.1%,which up to a fine washing effect.In tableware washing,three samples of tea saponin shoewed similar degreasing ability.The deoil rate of 0.35%saponin was 80%while the deoil rate of 0.40%saponin was 60%.In hair washing,the decontamination rate of 0.25%saponin was 15?17%.When 0.20%saponin sample was mixed with 0.20%AES,the decontamination rate was 51.23%,which up to a fine washing effect.The bacteriostasis and ichthyism activity of tea saponin was evaluated.The effective bacteriostasis concentration of tea saponin to E.coli,S.cerevisiae and M.luteus were 10 mg/mL,15 mg/mL and 7.5 mg/mL respectively,which showed the bacteriostatic ability of saponin.The half lethal dose of saponin to common freshwater fish is 2.5-5.0 mg/L,which is considerably lower than the safe dose of the shrimp concentration.This result indicated that saponin is expected to develop into a green environmental protection crafish aquactlture pond agent.