The Application Of ICP-AES And ICP-MS In Environmental Analysis

In recent years, the pollution and environmental health hazards of heavy metals have caused widespread concern in society. Heavy metal pollutions have the characteristic of long-term, accumulation, invisibility and irreversibility, etc. Heavy metal elements can enter body through a variety of ways such as air, water and food. This paper studies the applications in environmental analysis of the ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Specific work are summarized as follows.82 samples of PM2.5 and PM10 were collected from Macau. The water-soluble metal elements in PM2.5 and PM10 samples were extracted by ultrasonic and the contents of 19 kinds metal elements were measured by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Then sampls were pretreated with acid digestion method using HNO3, HC1O4, HF, HCl mixed and measured by ICP-AES. The water-soluble metal element contents in PM2.5 and PM10 distribute broadly into three categories, wherein Na content is higher and the average is 21.49 mg/L and 21.32 mg/L. The contents of Al, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, As, Ba appear slightly lower and the average distribution ranges from 0.02-6.78mg/L. The contents of Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Hg, Cd, Pb, Sn were with the average value distribution ranges of 0.04～7.91μg/L. The As content is higher than GB3095-2012 The correlation analysis and homology analysis of samples pretreated by ultrapure water and the acid digestion were analyzed by SPSS software. Results show the water-soluble elements are mainly brought by soil and acid-soluble elements are from other aspects.The element contents in well water and seawater were determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. In the seawater experiments, Standard recovery rates were 92.92%～118.8% which proved the method was feasible.8 elements were determined by ICP-AES method and 12 elements by ICP-MS method. The results of well water showed that Fe content in well water samples analyzed exceeded the standard requirements of control GB 5749-2006. Se content in 5 well water samples exceeded the standard requirements of control GB 5749-2006 but meet the standard of GB 8537-2008. Correlation analysis results show that the content of Ba, Ca, Mg, Na elements have the same source, P element has the same source with Ca, Mg, Na but with a different source with Ba. K comes from different source with the other elements.Soil samples were processed with the mixed acid of HNO3, HClO4 and HF. The element content were determined separately utilizing ICP-AES and ICP-MS. SPSS software was used for data clustering analysis. The results show that elements in soil and groundwater come from the different source, and verify the lower soil and well water in metal element correlation coefficient from another point. The distribution of elements in the soil and in underground wells presents the big gap.In this paper, ICP-AES and ICP-MS method were used for determination of the element contents in atmospheric particulates, water, soil samples. The results show that ICP-AES and ICP-MS are widely used methods in environmental analysis and have the advantages of good repeatability, high accuracy and small probability of pollution. ICP-AES and ICP-MS method have the vital significance in the application of control the pollution sources in the environment.