Synthesis And Characterization Of ZnO, α-Fe₂O₃ Nanomaterials And Preparation And Evaluation Of ZnO/Polymer Solar Cell

Problems, such as energy shortage and environmental degradation, have affected people’s life. So it has become more and more concerned about looking for clean and renewable energy to salve the problems. The solar energy has greatly caused widespread interest in an inexhaustible green energy. The solar cell is an important means of effective utilization of solar energy. The inorganic nanocrystals/polymer solar cells have been increasingly concerned because of having excellent properties of inorganic and organic materials at the same time. But the photoelectric conversion efficiency is very low with many problems including poor absorption performance of inorganic/organic materials, bad compatibility, discontinuous interface. As a result, it was the key method to solve the problem to synthesize excellent properties of inorganic and organic materials. In this paper, at first nanomaterials with different morphologies were synthesized by hydrothermal method, followed by a series of research, the concrete contents are as follows:(1) We used the zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine as raw materials, zinc oxide nanomaterials with different morphologies were synthesized by hydrothermal method on ITO. In the synthetic process, many growth factors were the controlled parameter for the preparation of ZnO nanomaterials, such as ITO substrate orientation, solution concentration, annealing temperatures of seed-layer films and pH etc. The morphologies of the products about ZnO nanorods, nanotubes, nanoflowers, nanosheets, nanowires could be effectively controlled by altering the growth condition. The nanostructures and morphology of the products were extensively characterized by SEM and XRD. The whole process has the advantages of simple operation, no pollution and easy to repeat.(2) ZnO nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 95℃ for 24 h, with the concentration ratio being 1:1, annealing at 350 for 0.5 h and ITO transverse. ZnO nanorods as acceptor and polymer with A1,B1, P3HT as donor assembled the inorganic/organic hybrid solar cells. The organic/inorganic hybrid system were extensively characterized by UV-vis, Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristic curve. Experimental results demonstrate that the device performance depends on the polymer, solvent selection and ZnO nanomaterial thickness. At present, the optimal experimental parameters is Jsc=0.0042 mA·cm-2, Voc=0.228 V, FF=0.24, η=0.0227%. The result provides a theoretical basis for the application of polymer synthesis in solar cells.(3) The α-Fe2O3 nanomaterials with different morphologies were synthesized by hydrothermal method, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets, ellipsoidal nanoparticles. In the synthetic process, many growth factors with concentration and ratio were the controlled parameter for the preparation of nanomaterials. The results showed that the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles size were uniform and no agglomeration. With the increasing of the concentration, the nanoparticles diameter was increasing, crystallinity become better. The iron oxide absorption range was wide, within 600 nm has absorption. In the energy level matching case, iron oxide as acceptor used in solar cells, will have a certain application value in theory.