| TOPMODEL model is widely used in hydrology.The simulation results of different research basins affected by climate,precipitation and other factors are significantly different.This paper selects the model to simulate the rainfall-runoff process in the flood season in the semi-humid area Chaobagou basin and the humid area Bahe basin.On the basis of reasonable evaluation,Analyzed the factors affecting runoff simulation,compared the applicability of the model in different basins,and provide reference for the application of the model in different research areas.The research results of this paper mainly incdude:(1)Analysis of characteristics of hydro-meteorological elementsAnalysed of the observed data of the hydrological and meteorological elements in Chabagou basin showed that precipitation,evaporation,and runoff are all significantly reduced.Rahe basin's Luolicun station evaporation is significantly reduced,the rest of the meteorological elements reduce the trends were not significant.In the period from July to September,the precipitation in the Chabagou basin accounts for 70%of the annual precipitation;in the period from May to July,it accounts for 52%of the annual evaporation;and in the period from July to September,the runoff accounts for about 40%of the annual runoff.The precipitation in Bahe basin in the period from July to September accounts for 50%of the annual precipitation;the evaporation in the period from July to July accounts for 40%of the annual evaporation;the runoff in the period from August to October accounts for about 41%of the annual runoff.There is no consistency in preeipitation,evaporation,and runoff abrupt changes in the Chabagou basin.This is because the runoff was not only affected by natural factors such as precipitation,evaporation,and underlying surface,but also affected by human activities.The construction of warping dams in the Chaibagou basin had a significant impact on runoff.The precipitation in the Bahe basin was consistent with the year of abrupt change,indicating that precipitation was the main factor affecting runoff(2)Research on digital information extraction of runoff in basinsUsing the DEM map of the study area,filling,calculating the flow,calculating the confluence,and calculating the topographic index of the basin.Comparing the topographic index-area distribution curves of different research basins,it was found that the maximum topographic index of the Bahe basin was 23.07 and the minimum was 3.79;the maximum value of the Chabagou basin was 19.46 and the minimum was 4.78;the topography index range of the Bahe basin was wider than that of the Chabagou basin.(3)Application of the modelThe particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the model and the optimized parameters are verified.The coefficient of certainty in the Chabagou basin is above 0.60,and the relative error of runoff depth is within 35%.The deterministic coefficient of the Bahe basin is above 0.70,and the relative error of the runoff depth and the maximum is within 20%;the simulation results of the model in different watersheds were acceptable.(4)Comparative Study of ModelsThe spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Chabagou basin is larger than that in the Bahe basin.The impact of human activities on the underlying surface of the basin is greater than that of the Bahe.In addition,the rainstorm center in Chabugou basin was random and variable,and the average precipitation precision of the basin is low,which affects the simulation precision.After comprehensive consideration of various factors,this paper considers that TOPMODEL is in the Bahe basin of the semi-humid area.The applicability is better than that in the semi-arid area. |
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