Research On Stopover Sites Distribution Of Five Cranes During Migration In Songnen Plain

The Songnen Plain is an important stopover site for the cranes which have long-distance migration every year,as well as being food and energy supplies spot to the cranes.There are five cranes in the Songnen Plain,they are Red-crowned Crane,White-naped Crane,Eurasian crane,Hooded Crane and Siberian Crane.To have in-depth understanding on interspecific relationship of five cranes and the choice in stopover site,we explore the distribution pattern of five cranes during the migration in Songnen Plain to provide effective protection for the maintenance of ecological security.The main research object is on cranes in this paper,and we conducted a pre-investigation to familiar with the survey area and the resources of the nature reserve and optimize the survey method from August to November in the autumn of 2014.The actual investigations have been carried out to do research on five cranes during the spring and autumn period from January to May in the spring and September to November in the autumn in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Wuyuerhe Nature Reserve,Halahai wetland,Xianghai Nature Reserve,Momoge Nature Reserve and Tumuji Nature Rserve from 2015 and 2016.The main content is studied as follows: population quantity census and migration duration to analyze the migration patterns;main influential factors of selecting stopover site to looking for the main factors that affect the crane to choose the stopover sites;spatial autocorrelation test on location of stopover site to analyze the spatial distribution of each crane in the Songnen Plain during migration.Through the above studies,we discuss the migration strategies of the five cranes during the migration period on Songnen Plain,so that we can understand the interspecific relationship and we will have a deeper understanding on the choice of stopover site for five cranes.And we can make some effective the protection of the proposal for maintaining ecological security of the cranes.1.The sequence of the migration duration during spring migration was Hooded Crane(29)Eurasian crane(29)Siberian Crane(29)Red-crowned Crane(29)White-naped Crane;and the sequence of the migration duration during autumn migration was Hooded Crane(29)Eurasian crane(29)Siberian Crane(29)Red-crowned Crane(29)White-naped Crane.The sequence of the population quantity census during spring migration was Eurasian crane(29)Siberian Crane(29)Hooded Crane(29)Red-crowned Crane(29)White-naped Crane;and the sequence of the population quantity census during spring migration was Hooded Crane(29)Eurasian crane(29)Siberian Crane(29)White-naped Crane(29)Red-crowned Crane.2.The spring migration of Red-crowned Crane lasted 32.5±3.5 days,and they foraged together by gathering three or four families.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring spring migration site was climatic factors,followed by interference factors and the distance of farmland and water.And the stopover site presented an aggregate distribution dring spring migration,which mainly distributed in Changgou and Lindian of Zhalong Nature Reserve.It lasted 47.5±0.5 days for Red-crowned Crane dring autumn migration,and the cranes familiy foraged all by oneself.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring autumn migration site was interference factors,followed by climatic factors and the distance of farmland and water.And the stopover site presented an random distribution dring autumu migration.3.The spring migration of White-naped Crane lasted 31±1 days.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring spring migration site was food and water factors,followed by interference factors and the distance of farmland.And the stopover site presented an aggregate distribution dring spring migration.It lasted 42 days for White-naped Crane dring autumn migration,and they foraged together by gathering 10.4.The spring migration of Eurasian crane lasted 57.5±1.5 days,and they foraged together by gathering 220 and the peak of migration uaually appeared in the middle of April.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring spring migration site was the distance of farmland and water,followed by hidden factos and climatic factors.And the stopover site presented an aggregate distribution dring spring migration,which mainly distributed in nucleus zones of the nature reserves.It lasted 58.5±2.5 days for Eurasian crane dring autumn migration,and the cranes foraged together by gathering 100.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring autumn migration site was hidden and water factos,followed by climatic factors and interference factors.And the stopover site presented an random distribution dring autumu migration.5.The spring migration of Hooded Crane lasted 59.5±0.5 days,and they flied to Songnen plain in in late March and foraged together by gathering 50 and the peak of migration uaually appeared in the middle of April.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring spring migration site was food factos followed by interference factors and water factors.And the stopover site presented an aggregate distribution dring spring migration,but random factors played an important role.It lasted 59.5±2.5 days for Hooded Crane dring autumn migration,they flied to Songnen plain in in late September and the cranes foraged together by gathering 150 and the peak of migration uaually appeared early in October.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring autumn migration site was interference factors followed by food factos and water factors and wind speed.And the stopover site presented an random distribution dring autumu migration.6.The spring migration of Siberian Crane lasted 55.5±0.5 days.The main influential factors of selecting stopover dring spring migration site was climatic factors followed by vegetation factors and water and interference factors.And the stopover site presented an aggregate distribution dring spring migration,which mainly distributed in E'toupao of Momoge Nature Reserve,Sandaopao of Tumuji Nature Reserve and Changlong Village of Xianghai Nature Reserve.It lasted 57.5±0.5 days for Siberian Crane Crane dring autumn migration,and the main influential factors of selecting stopover dring autumn migration site was food factos followed by climatic factors and interference factors.And the stopover site presented an random distribution dring autumu migration.As the center of the ecosystem protection,building nature reserves is one of the effective ways to protect biodiversity in situ and most directly involved in the protection work,and it is of great significance to protect migrant waterbirds like cranes.Through the investigation of population quantity census and migration duration of the cranes and the related research on stopover site,the following suggestions are put forward for each protected area:First,establish the long-term ecological replenishment mechanism.Second,strengthen monitoring of human activities and limit the human activities in the nature reserve.Third,take artificial food in the important stopover sites during the migration.Fourth,strengthen the protection of resources in the core area.Fifth,build a local protection network of cranes.