Research On Relationship Between Ancient Human And Paleogeographical Environment In Paleolithic Age,Nihewan Basin Based On GIS

Nihewan Basin is one of the most important ancient human origins and habitats in China and even in the world.Predecessors have done a lot of excellent work for ancient human archeology in Nihewan Basin,including ancient human archeology,geology,geography,chronostratigraphy,paleontology,paleoclimate,and other disciplines.The remarkable achievements have been made.However,Geography Information System(GIS)is widely used in archaeological research today,the use of GIS technology in the relationship between ancient human and palaeogeographic environment in the Nihewan Basin is still largely blankWith the support of “The human origins of oriental human – the research about the origins,environmental and geological background of Nihewan” of Hebei province.Based on the survey and study of the paleogeographic environment in the Nihewan Basin,and the analysis and conclusion of previous achievements,using GIS technology and methods,combining qualitative description with quantitative analysis,focusing on the northeastern part of the Nihewan Basin,where the paleolithic ancient human sites have been found so far,we study the evolution of ancient geographical environment of paleolithic basin,and the spatial connection between landscape pattern characteristics of ancient and modern human sites and the ancient region of ancient humans and animals.Then we discussed the choice of living environment for ancient humans in the study area.The results are as follows:(1)In the Paleolithic Age,during the evolution of the ancient lake in Nihewan Basin,human activities space was constantly changing which made the obvious differences in each period.In the Early Paleolithic Early Stage,the proportion of available land space for activities is 61.62%.In the Middle Paleolithic Early Stage,the proportion of available land space for activities is expanding to 65.57% slightly.In the Middle Paleolithic Early Stage,the proportion of available land space for activities is shrinking to 17.13% extremely.In the Middle Paleolithic Late Stage and Late Paleolithic,with the demise of the ancient lake in Nihewan,the proportion of available land space for activities is expend to over 90%.Although the size of terrestrial space constrains the regional scope of ancient human activity,it is not the only factor that determines the quality of the ancient human living environment.(2)In the Early Paleolithic,the ancient human activity area is concentrated in the southeast of the study area,living by the lake.Although the activity area is small,the habitat is comfortable.In the Middle and Late Paleolithic,although ancient humans can be involved in almost the entire basin,due to the deterioration of the ecological environment in the large areas,they have concentrated their lives in the vicinity of the ancient rivers and lived by the river.(3)From the Early Paleolithic to the Middle and Late,climate changed from temperature and humidity to dry and cold and development sustainable.With the ancient lake in Nihewan Basin shinked largely,it leaded to the continuous "downshifting" of ancient human living areas in the study area.From the front of diluvial fan which the average elevation is about 910 meters in the Early Paleolithic moved to the floodplain area where the elevation is about 890 meters in the Middle Paleolithic,and then to the plain of the river where the elevation is about 870 meters.(4)Ancient humans mostly chose regional activities with relatively flat terrain and facing ancient rivers.Of the Paleolithic sites,as many as 84.4% of the sites have slopes less than 10°.The site aspect is more northeast,north and southwest,followed by east and south.The slope is gentle to activity saves physical energy;facing the river,it has an open field and is conducive to the observation of large areas of the environment.(5)In the Paleolithic Age,Ancient humans improved the success rate of hunting other herbivorous animals by virtue of terrain.At the same time,when faced with beast threats,different survival strategies for beasts living in different environments.In the Early Paleolithic,the strategy of hiding through the terrain was adopted.In the Late Paleolithic,the strategy of hiding from the diet of drooling water sources was used to avoid the tigers in the forest.The strategy of using the tool group to defend the enemy like wolves living in the grassland was used to protect against infringement and live far away to ensure safety.(6)In order to win the survival competition,ancient humans must use the conditions favorable to themselves to the greatest extent possible,away from the conditions that are unfavorable to themselves.The survival of ancient human beings was inseparable from the dangers of water,food,and stone tools used for hunting.As a result,ancient humans in the Paleolithic focused on four aspects when choosing a livable area:(1)closing to water;(2)enough food;(3)terrain conducive to hunting;(4)rich and high quality stone materials.