Effects Of Safe And Environmental Antifungal Agents On Animal Specimens And Its Underlying Mechanisms

Animal specimens have high value of science,education and art,and also have missions of cultural exchange,scientific research and popularization.However,because of the behindhand system of preparation and conservation,the toxic agents were still used to make and conserve animal specimens which have damage effects on environment and human health.Aiming at this phenomenon,the research introduced three environmental and safe agents,chitosan,silver nanoparticles and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt(HACC).Chitosan is a macromolecule polysaccharide collected from deacetylation of chitin which also has broad antimicrobial activities to restrain or kill many fungi and bacteria and has been applied to many daily field of life.Silver nanoparticles are silver particles at the nanoscale,and has broad antimicrobial activities especially to the pathogenic bacterium like Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus,et al.Silver nanoparticles also have been applied to medical treatment and biological control.Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is acquired from the quaternization of chitosan which have better solubleness than chitosan and keep good antimicrobial activities.The research adopted the molecular methods to identify the animal specimen molds from museum,and explored the antifungal effects and mechanism of chitosan and silver nanoparticles on the molds from specimens.Finally,the chitosan and silver nanoparticles were used in the production process of skinned and soaked specimens.The research aiming to lay the foundation of chitosan and silver nanoparticles applied to the making process of animal speicimens.?12 strains of molds were isolated from the animal specimens mixed molds samples in Shenzhen Museum.With the molecular methods,the Aspergillus and Neurospora were identified as dominant fungus.Aspergillus niger is the preponderant fungus.?Antifungal activities of chitosan and silver nanoparticles were verified with inhibition ring method,and double distilled water was set as control group.Between 500ppm~2000ppm,two agents had exact antifungal activities,and effects become more obvious as the concentrations rising.At the same concentration,the mixed agents have bigger inhibition ring than any individual agent.?After transcriptome sequenced,there are 2446 differential expression genes found between normal Aspergillus niger and the Aspergillus niger treated with chitosan mixed silver nanoparticles agents.After Gene Ontology and Pathway analysis,after treating with mixed agents,the expression of rDNA synthesis and metabolism related genes had significant variation in Aspergillus niger.?Finally,the mixed agents were used to making skinned and soaked animal specimens.After a year,the goat and badger skinned specimens still keep the original color,and the tissues are plump and flexible.The fish,shrimp and shellfish soaked specimens are also in good keep with colored,plump and flexible tissues,which means these animal specimens could be conserved for a long time.