Climate Characteristics In Ny-(?)lesund,Arctic

The Arctic climate change has an important impact on global climate change.Compared to the low latitude regions,the Arctic warming show a rapid warming,this phenomenon is called "Arctic magnification." The rapid warming of the Arctic has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of the Arctic,including rapid ablation of sea ice,melting of permafrost,and changes in local vegetation and biological species.And the next few decades the Arctic region may experience greater warming.Therefore,the study of climate change in the Arctic is of great significance.Based on automatic weather station measurements at the Yellow River Station,Alfred Wegener Institude for Polar and Marine Research and Polar Institude Paul Emile Victor(AWIPEV)and Norwegian Polar Institute(NPI),Ny-(?)lesund,Arctic,diurnal,seasonal and inter-annual variability in temperature,specific humidity,pressure and wind speed were examined.At the same time,the extreme weather in the Ny-(?)lesund area is analyzed,and the causes of climate change in the Ny-(?)lesund area are analyzed.The results are as follows:(1)The annual mean temperature was-3.3±0.7? during 2005-2014.We also find that the warming rate of Ny-(?)lesund(0.76±0.29?/10a)was around four times larger than the global mean(0.17±0.03?/10a)during 1975-2014.(2)The annual mean relative humidity was 75.9±1.0% during 2005-2014,and the highest(lowest)monthly mean relative humidity appears in August(April),one month later than the highest(lowest)monthly mean temperature.The annual mean specific humidity was 2.5±0.1g·kg-1,and showed a positive trend during 1994 to 2010(0.14±0.12g·kg-1/10a).(3)The annual mean air pressure was 1008.2±2.1hPa during 2005-2014,the highest monthly mean appears in May while the lowest is in December;Diurnal variation of air pressure shows a double peaks pattern.(4)The annual mean wind speed was 3.3±0.3 m·s-1 during 2006-2013.Due to the local environmental condition(e.g.,topography,ice caps and glaciers)in Svalbard,the prevailing wind direction is southeast.In summary,a typical polar marine climate characteristics domains here,the underlying surface also acts significantly during summer for it changes into polar tundra from snow/ice surface.(5)The extreme weather analysis results in the Ny-(?)lesund area show that the extreme cold time is reduced and the extreme high temperature is increasing in the past four decades.(6)ERA-interim reanalysis data have good adaptability in the Ny-(?)lesund area,and Ny-(?)lesund's climate change can be better represent for climate change in the Svalbard Islands(7)SST(sea surface temperature)anomalies caused by oceanic circulation and atmospheric circulation anomalies are important reasons for climate change in the Ny-(?)lesund region.