Study On Reproductive Biology Of Liriope Spicata(Thunb.) Lour

Liriope spicata(Thunb.) Lour.belonging to Liriope Lour,perennial herbaceous plants,there are about 8 species in the world,distributed in Vietnam,the Philippines,Japan and China,China has 6 of the species.Its roots was made medicine.The research of Liriope Lour plants mainly on the chemical composition analysis,medicinal value development and its artificial cultivation and so on.The research on the reproductive biology of L.spicata has not been reported yet.In this paper,the embryonic development of the plant was studied in detail to understand and explore the sexual reproduction process of L.spicata,and to provide reference for the artificial cultivation of the plant,and to provide information for the reproductive biology research of Liliaceae.This paper was mainly about Megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis,development of female and male gametophyte,double fertilization,embryo and endosperm development of L.spicata(Thunb.)Lour.were studied by the method of paraffin sections,to explore its embryonic development process and its characteristics.Secondly,the flowering process and phenological characteristics,pollinators and pollination dynamics were studied by fixed point observation in situ.The pollen-ovule ratio(P/O)was calculated by measured,studied the breeding system.Used fluorescence staining technology to study the development of material accumulation during the process.(1)L.spicata(Thunb.) Lour.began to divide buds in May,the end of May to early June bud formation,the first single flower open time about the end of June to early July,the flowering period for July-August,fruit from August to November.The results of the impact of climate greater impact,the drought will result in a significant reduction in the results.The experimental results showed that the ratio of P/O was 27074.1,and the breeding system was a special outcrossing system.The results of pollen viability showed that the pollen viability was higher during the development of the flowers,and the highest value was 74.5% at about 15:00on the day of the flowers.The next day down to 50.0%,after the third day is basically no vitality.In the sunny weather,the flowering day between 7: 00-19: 00,can be seen visit visitors visit,the peak period of 10.00-16: 00,rainy weather can also see a small number of visitors visit.(2)The anther is four sporangiate and the development of anther wall is the basic type,the anther wall is composed of epidermis,endothecium,middle layer and tapetum.(3)The developmental type of tapetal was secreted,and the cells of the tapetal stage began to degenerate in the pollen stage.The pollen cells were completely disappeared when the pollen ripened;the pollen mother cell meiosis was continuous,and the tetrads were symmetrical Shaped pollen,mature pollen for 3-cell pollen,single germinal ditch.(4)The ovary has three chamber which has two ovule that is double integuments,tenuinucellate and anatropous.The female sporogenous cells are differentiated from the lower surface of the cornea,and the spore cells are directly developed into megaspore mother cells.After the meiosis,the four broad masses of the spores were linearly arranged,and the megaspore was divided into functional megaspore,and the embryo sac developed into Polygonum.(5)L.spicata(Thunb.) Lour.is porogamy.Two sperm into the embryo sac and egg cells after the combination of fertilization to form a zygote,combined with the central cells to form the primary endosperm nucleus,the fertilization effect is a pre-mitotic type.(6)After a period of dormancy,the zygotic began to division and the embryo development pettern belongs to the monocotyledon.The first mitotic of zygote is transversely to form a basal cell and an apical cell which composed of two-celled embryo.After a transverse divisions the basal cells formed the embryonic stem cells.The apical cell divided to from globular perembryo and rodlike embryos successively.(7)The development of endosperm was the nuclear endosperm type.The number of free endosperm nuclei increased continuously when the free endosperm nuclei increased to two layers,and the endosperm cell walls were produced around the endosperm nuclei.The endosperm nuclei in the embryo sac all formed endosperm.cell.The resulting endosperm cells fill the entire embryo space.Ovule development to double fertilization stage,located in the end of the end of the embryo sac,the differentiation of a group of beads of heart cells,which is bearing bead plate,bead plate structure has been retained to mature seeds.(8)The development of anther of L.spicata(Thunb.)Lour.resulting in different degrees of abortion anthers.(9)L.spicata(Thunb.) Lour.mature seeds were spherical,leathery,blue-black.Mature seeds from the seed coat,embryo and endosperm three parts,seed coat has a multi-layer cell structure,the outer bead by the cell development,the beads are distributed in the vascular tissue,vascular bundles have been extended to the end of the junction of the end of the embryo The Embryos smaller,by the radicle,hypocotyls,germ and cotyledons composed of several parts,cotyledons,located in the top of the embryo,the embryo is located in the side of the embryo.Seeds of the sleeping time is longer,after about six months time after the sand,can germinate seedlings,but the germination rate is low.(10)In the process of meiosis of microspore mother cells,it was stained by water-soluble aniline blue.Under the fluorescence microscope,light blue fluorescence was used to observe the presence of no callus on the microspore mother cell wall.But in the dichotomy and tetrads of the entire outer wall and the cell partition wall is emitted blue fluorescence,that is,in the dichotomous and quadrilateral cells have a callose wall.At the end of meiosis,after the formation of microspores,the callose wall gradually disintegrated.