| The genus Teleogryllus belongs to the family of Gryllidae(Orthoptera:Grylloidea),and is a common group.Teleogryllus is a kind of very important agricultural pest,which is widely distributed in farmland,wetland,and forest and so on.The economic value of this genus is very high,and it is often used in the fields of ethology and neurobiology.However,in the study of taxonomy of Teleogryllus still exists some controversy;in many Model organisms studies,the name are often confused.Therefore,it is very important to clarify the classification characteristics of different species and clarify the relationship between this species.The Teleogryllus emma and Teleogryllus occipitalis is very similar and spread widely in China.In this paper,we study the morphology,life history and seasonal adaptation,adapt to the geographical distribution and song etc.by the research object of T.emma and T.occipitalis.We hope to further clarify the above aspects,so as to achieve the purpose of rapid and accurate differentiation.To provide the basis for the related biological experiments in the future and provide basis for the artificial rearing of oil hyacinth and biological pest control based on song.The research contents and results are as follows:1.Study on morphological differences of T.emma and T.occipitalisOur paper from the external form of the difference of two kinds of crickets was studied.Based on the study of specimens collected from different regions,there are several differences between the two species:(1)Epiphallus was somewhat curved;median lobe was wide and short,and anterior margin armed with three obtuse projection of T.emma.Epiphallic median lobes anterior margin armed with three acute projection of T.occipitalis(2)By carefully counting on foot thorns found that the most obvious difference is that the number of the two species of spikes on basitarsus of hind legs,T.emma was significantly less than T.occipitalis.The number of spikes on basitarsus of hind legs of T.emma are 1-4 and 5-7 of T.occipitalis.And from the overall level,range of T.emma each foot thorn less than T.occipitalis,i.e.T.occipitalis thorn quantity change greatly.(3)There were significant differences between HL/HFL,PL/HFL and HWL/HFL in two kinds of species(p<0.05).T.emma head is relatively long;the relative length of hind wings and Pronotal Length of T.occipitalis is greater than the forewings of T.emma.Two species of female ovipositor relative length between there was a significant difference(p<0.05),T.emma was significantly longer than that of T.occipitalis.These differences can provide a reference for morphological identification of two species.2.Seasonal adaptation of life cycle of T.emma and T.occipitalisAs the stable,seasonal-signal,.,the.life.cycle.of crickets showed regular changes of the temperature and photoperiod.The results of our study show that:T.emma develop diapause eggs,non-for 60 days under the condition of 30? and low temperature treatment can effectively relieve the diapause.After low temperature treatment,egg hatched on the fifteen days.T.occipitalis egg is an non-diapause type,Under the condition of 30? egg hatched on Thirteenth days.T.emma belongs to short-day type,which in short day conditions(LD 12:12)nymphs grew rapidly;T.occipitalis belong to the long-day type,under long photoperiods(LD 16:8)was growing rapidly.Under different temperature conditions,there are differences in the growth rate of nymphs,and with the increase of temperature,the growth rate is accelerated.Found on the measurement of physical characteristics of two kinds of species in each photoperiod conditions,there are differences of T.emma adult size in the photoperiods under different conditions,T.emma is a diapause egg type;under different photoperiod the body size of adults are mainly affected by the growth time,the higher temperature the smaller body size of adult.The result of T.occipitalis showed different,because the T.occipitalis is nymph-diapause type in photoperiod conditions are not suitable under the influence of diapause was even slower,but the difference between adult sizes is less significant(p>0.05).In conclusion,the photoperiodic response of the species is stable,and photoperiod can be used as an effective means to identify different species.Correlation analysis showed that:under the conditions of 25? and 30?,the body size,morphological characteristics and photoperiod were significantly related about T.emma in addition to ovipositor length.Many morphological characteristics are highly correlation;no significant correlation of body size of T.occipitalis under the condition of 25? and significantly related under the condition of 25?.Hind femur length of T.emma at different temperature and photoperiod conditions with the developmental period increased;T.occipitalis hind femur length with the developmental changes of duration is not significant in short day conditions.In conclusion,the photoperiodic response of the species is stable,and photoperiodic responses can be used as one of the effective means to identify different species.3.Study on geographical adaptation of T.emma and T.occipitalisDifferent collection information can also be a distinction character,Temma mainly distributed in the north of the Yangtze River,T.occipitalis mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River,while in the Teleogryllus collected near the Yangtze River basin to assist other hyacinth specimen identification feature.These differences can provide reference for the classification and identification of two kinds of Teleogryllus.Two species have a wide range of distribution;both north and south latitude span are larger.The size of the body has certain regularity with latitude of the two species.The body size of two species decreased with the increase of latitude.Correlation analysis showed that:the morphological characteristics of two Teleogryllus species and latitude were significantly related addition to ovipositor length.With the increase of latitude,the ratio of the length of ovipositor to the length of the hind femur length increased and Contrary to the change of body size.4.The study of calling songs of T.emma and T.occipitalisOur study analysis two species call chirp can be seen,two species calling song are great difference,calling song structure of T.emma consists of two parts:the long chirp and short chirp.The pluse number of short chirp close to long chirp is more than the others.The structure of calling song of T.occipitalis is simple compared to T.emma and it just has one part-long chirp and it is stable.The research on the trend of different calling songs of two species is more obvious.There were no significant differences in the characteristics of two kinds of Teleogryllus under the temperature gradient of 25? and 30?.Our study provides a basis for the differentiation of the two species from the behavioral perspective.emma and T.occipitalis female song trend research found that:two kinds of Teleogryllus female individuals' song can show recognition and approach behavior to the same male species,and show the phenomenon of avoidance to the songs of different species.Our study provides a basis for the distinction between two kinds of Teleogryllus species.In summary,the use of male genitalia can accurately distinguish T.emma and T.occipitalis the number of the two species of spikes on basitarsus of hind legs,The ratio of HL/HFL,PL/HFL,HWL/HFL,OL/HFL are significant difference.The eggs is dipause or not.Body size change with differences Photoperiod of different types photoperiod;calling songs structure are difference significantly,female individuals exhibit approach of the same species male,and showed avoidance phenomenon of the different species of male. |
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