Studies On The Key Factor Of Flowering Regulation And The Adaptability Of Salvia Hispanica L.

Omega-3 fatty acids is one essential fatty acids to maintain a variety of normal physiological function of human body, the data reported that omega-3 fatty acids were the key composition for the development to the nervous system and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the main sources of omega-3 fatty acids were from deep-sea fishes and some algae, but the strong smell of products affects the quality of the product, so the costs of production will be raised because of further processing. Salvia hispanica L. hispanica L., one special specie of Labiatae, Salvia L. is discovered be rich in omega-3 fatty acids and the seeds of it can be eaten directly. The rediscovery of Salvia hispanica L. since the end of last century, this plant which recorded by the ancient aztecs and mayans more than 3000 years ago was gotten popularly attention, and it-will provide a new way for human's access to safe consumption of omega-3 fatty acids. After accepted by the FDA food safety certification of America, edited into the Argentine food codex and be tested by the food legislation of the European Union, Salvia hispanica L. was widely planted in the American countries and Australia, but the yields was generally not high, that results in the expensive price and short of supply on the market. In order to break the foreign monopoly on the resources, Salvia hispanica L. was introduced from the Americas by Hunan Agricultural University in 2007, and detoxicated regeneration plants were obtained through tissue culture seedling. After three years of multipoint cultivation experiment, a new variety, Chia 1 was born and registered by Agriculture bureau of hunan province in 2011. However, due to its native to tropical, Salvia hispanica L.is a kind of strict short-day plants, and when its bud stage-usually begins after autumnal equinox meets a frost in advance, the yield must be reduced. Therefore, Salvia hispanica L. was used as the research material, the flower fundamentals of Salvia hispanica L was discovered through the studies of male and female gametophyte development; various factors of affecting Salvia hispanica L. flowering were studied through photoperiod regulation and hormone regulation, as the results, the optimal technology for regulating flowering was obtained; at the same time, the suitable breeding area of Salvia hispanica L. was predicted through the establishment of the flowering regulation technology and mathematical modeling methods. All of that will be the theoretical basis for the industrialization of Salvia hispanica L..Through the experiments of this paper, the following results were obtained:1. Studies of the development of macrospore and microspore, differentiation of male and female-gametophyte of Salvia hispanica L.Salvia hispanica L. is a introduced specie, and its genetic background and the development process of the flower is the theoretical basis of flowering regulation. Through the microstructure observation during different flowering period of Salvia hispanica L. lthe, the results showed:The pistil of Salvia hispanica L. is composed of 4 ventricles deeply lobed from 2 carpels, with an anatropous ovule in each ventricle. A nucellar spore original cell divided into a sporogenous cell and a peripheral cell through mitosis, and the megaspore mother cell was developed from the sporogenous cell. The megaspore tetrad was inducted from meiosis of megaspore mother cell, all but one of the megaspores then degenerated. The surviving megaspore developed into the embryo-sac mother cell, then undergone mitosis, and producing eight nuclear embryo sac. The entire eight-nucleate structure was called the embryo sac and constitutes the female gametophyte.The Salvia hispanica L. Microspore's development and its external morphology of the bud at different developmental stages on a microscopic level, the results showed:The Salvia hispanica L.has four stamens, two of which larger and there is no ability to reproduce each stamen has two anther. Microspore development period divided into term of microspore mother cell at metaphase, Term of tetrad, Term of monokaryotic microspore, term of two cellced pollen, term of three celled gametophyte, term of anther saccracking. microspore meiosis is at the same time, the mature pollen is a 3-cell type and has 6 apertures, pollen wall development is a dicotyledonous type, consisted by the epidermis, endothecium, middle of tapetum.2. Studies of flowering regulation affecting factors of Salvia hispanica L.The Salvia hispanica L. was mature late in Hunan province, and production would be affected because of meeting with frost season results in seeds not being fully mature.According to the plant flowering hormone theory, flower bud differentiation can be adjusted by the distribution area of hormone and change of hormone quantity because of sunshine time and accumulated temperature or adversity conditions. The flowering phase of Salvia hispanica L. can be influenced by different concentrations of ABA and 6 BA, concentration of 150 mg/L of ABA and the concentration of 12.5 mg/L of 6 BA can promote the Salvia hispanica L. flower bud differentiation. Through the indoor experiment in illumination incubator, the longest light threshold of Salvia hispanica L. is 11 hours, and the optimal illumination time is 9 hours. But the light intensity of illumination incubator is not enough, and this resulted that the growth potential of Salvia hispanica L. is much less than the outside. Shading from 17:00 to 8:00 of next day can make plant flowering precociously, and it still need to continue the shading until natural conditions for short-day.3. Prediction to the suitable planting regions of Salvia hispanica L.The data of whole growth period agronomic traits of Salvia hispanica L. was obtained through the Salvia hispanica L. cultivation experiment in five spot of Hunan province; the suitable planting regions model of Salvia hispanica L. was established by mathematical modeling through using Maxent model combined with geographic information system (GIS); the result of optimal natural disposition was analyzed by accuracy test of ROC curve, and this result will verify the domestic high yield, the most suitable planting regions, reduce the scope pilot, shorten the test cycle and speed up the pace of industrialization. Combined with ecological model and field experimental results showed that the most suitable planting region of Salvia hispanica L. should be Yunnan province, and Hunan province and Jiangxi province followed by.