Landscape Pattern And Ecological Risk Assessment Of The Shan Xing Mining Area Based On 3S

In this paper, we take the Lengshuijiang city of Hunan province Shanxing mining area as the study area, based on the data of 2005, 2010 SPOT5 and 2015 Google Earth image data. By introducing landscape pattern indices to analyze mining landscape structure change; Based on the loss of landscape ecology framework to build landscape ecological risk index, using Arc GIS to ecological risk variable spatial sampling and interpolation, revealing Shanxing mining landscape ecological risk spatial distribution and its change; Taking "mine complex green" project as an example, the change trend of landscape pattern and ecological risk in mining area was analyzed. The research work and innovation of this paper are as follows:(1) Selected three image data after image preprocessing, using artificial visual interpretation method of interpretation and information extraction of remote sensing image. Get 2005-2015 period and Three mining landscape maps.(2) From two aspects of landscape structure and transfer matrix to analyze the landscape changes in mining area. Results show: From 2005 to 2010, the mine roadways and stope area increased significantly, and the grassland and arable land decreased significantly, the main trend of landscape change is by grassland, woodland conversion facilities for the mineral land and the exploitation of mineral resources leads to a lot of grassland and cultivated land occupied. 2010-2015 years, the area was significantly increased with the main points of the population and grassland, mainly for the reduction of arable land and forest land; Due to the development of ecological restoration work, the main trend of landscape change is to convert the mineral facilities into grassland and residential.(3) By landscape pattern index to reflect the change characteristics of landscape pattern in mining area. Results show: At the landscape level, 2005-2010, under the driving of the excessive exploitation of mineral resources, the regional landscape pattern is developing towards the trend of fragmentation and complexity; 2010-2015, as the Government actively carry out mining land reclamation and ecological restoration, mining landscape pattern level towards rules and equalization trend. Type level, 2005-2010 years, in addition to the mining field, tailings, the other landscape fragmentation degree have varying degrees of increase, reduce the connectivity; In 20102015, the cultivated land, grassland and forest land landscape was restored, and(4) The landscape gradually became more and more stable; Dump, mineral dumps and tailings management, etc. Since it was restored fragmentation weakened.(5) Landscape ecological risk index based on the framework of landscape ecological loss, With the help of geo statistics analysis and Arc GIS, the spatial and temporal changes of landscape ecological risk in mining area were analyzed. From 2005 to 2010, the mining area of whole landscape ecological risk is increased; risk is rising areas are mainly located in Shangxing mining area of southwest and Northeast; high, high ecological risk area has increased year by year and space presented dispersed development trend. 2010-2015 years, the overall landscape ecological risk of the mining area has been reduced, but the level of ecological risk is still higher than in 2005; high, high ecological risk areas accounted for the area to reduce the spatial distribution of the change is not obvious.(6) The implementation of mine rehabilitation project to the future mining area landscape ecological risk change trend. Results show: Landscape ecological risk of mining area is a decreasing trend, and the reduction degree is small, which shows that the mine rehabilitation project has a certain improvement on the whole ecological risk level in the mining area, but the effect is limited; Low ecological risk zone area proportion increases, but higher, high ecological risk area ratio also has a small amplitude increases, mining in mine rehabilitation project implementation, ignoring the effect on the overall landscape ecological effects, leading to other types of landscape patches become broken, causing local regional landscape ecological risk increase.At present, for ecological risk assessment of Xikuangshan mines, using a combination of 3S technology and landscape ecology methods to study less, mostly concentrated in micro toxicological risk research is to predict the pollutants in the environment on the whole ecosystem have the possibility of harm size. Based on the ecological risk assessment of landscape pattern, it emphasizes the risk effect of the spatial pattern, and the evaluation results can provide a new scientific basis for the ecological environment management and planning.