Design Of Monitoring System And Application Analysis Of Antarctic Topographical Characteristics

As the global warming being paid more and more attention by human beings, the surface mass balance(SMB) have become a hot topic in the domestic and foreign research and its all about the impact on the changes of sea level. The small changes of the SMB will have a huge impact on the sea level, the water cycle, the atmospheric thermal power cycle. As a result, the south polar region has become the critical area of studying changes of climate, which is confirmed by the national lithosphere biosphere program, the global atmospheric research program and the world climate research program. Different degree of snowfall will appear in the Antarctic. Due to the wind to blow which will form the size of irregular snow ridges and mounds of snow, the irregular mounds of snow and snow ridge on the Antarctic ice sheet have great reference significances to study SMB.On the other hand,it will cause serious influence on the Antarctic expedition of precision instruments and the important material transportation.So the research of geomorphological features has a very important significance. And the characteristics of the Antarctic inland ice sheet have the relationship with the annual snowfall and the wind speed. It includes the roughness and the hardness of snow. And these characteristics have significant reference value to study the process of transportation.For the moment, there are a great deal of methods to acquire the message of SMB in thedomestic and foreign research, and the information on large space scales is acquired by satellite remote sensing technology. Only by this means to obtain data, cannot we obtain more accurate information. So the data of the field measurement is indispensable. Nowadays,many techniques or methods have invented to measure SMB values, such as stakes, ultrasonic.sounders, snow physical/chemical layer methods. However, these techniques has its shortcomings,such as inefficient in operation?accuracy is not high and cannot be continuous observation, etc.We will be talking about the development and the current advantages and disadvantages about the monitoring methods of SMB which is based on the actual situation of the Antarctic inland. a new method named vehicle automatic monitoring system has been proposed in this paper. The vibration amplitude of the sledges reflects the roughness of the surface, and the rut depth of the sledges reflects the thickness of the snow layer measured by laser range and CCD image sensor. We can calculate the traveling distance of the vehicle through GPS. And through the data acquisition system we can realize the monitoring of the topographical features of the ice sheet. And the monitoring system has been used in the 31 th Antarctic expedition in November 2014.Through the analysis of the acquisition data, we achieved the results of the surface of the characteristics of the inland ice sheet and the thickness of the snow between Zhongshan station and Kunlun station, effectively providing the support for the research on SMB in south pole.