| This thesis is based on the China Ocean Mineral Resources R & D Association of the investigation and development of international marine resources of “The Twelfth Five-Year Plan”. Studies on the hydrothermal activity in the District of water and sediment characteristics in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean the Galapagos spreading centers and Quebrada plate in the vicinity, temperature of water and sediment in biological and rock debris characteristics to explore the hydrothermal activity environment. Based on September 2005 voyage round the world in the use of the 17A-EPR-TVG5 samples, and the 2009 voyage, 21 July 2011 "number one" marine voyage round the world as a grab for the sample of the 21III-S9-TVG5? 22VI-EPR-S009-TVG5 to the sample, surface sediments were collected using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrum analysis, the method of combining existing in the mineral particles in the samples and biogenic morphology characteristics were observed, and carries on the component analysis, formed the system of study, analyzes the hydrothermal area and district differences of surface sediment, hydrothermal deposits are discussed in the correlation of biological and mineral and marine temperature, reveals the mineral particles and biogenic indicates a role on the seafloor hydrothermal activity. Through the study draw the following conclusion:(1) combined with marine satellite(Argo profile data) to provide the upper ocean temperature data found that water temperature near the 17A-EPR-TVG5 and 22VI-EPR-S009-TVG5 two sediment in about 800 m at there is abnormal, presumed to be affected by the hydrothermal field near.(2) Observation of the East Pacific rise three stations surface sediment samples in biological samples analysis, the samples in the biological group, 2 foraminifera were identified and 5 kinds of diatom and radiolarian and a small amount of plankton, a large number of biological composition is one of the characteristics of hydrothermal biota. And the preservation of biological integrity can be speculated that, in the process of biological settle to the bottom of the only the slow flow of the deep currents, wave is basically does not work, this is also characteristics of abyssal and bathyal environment, calm water.(3) Biogenic sediments include foraminifera, diatoms, radiolarians and a small amount of plankton, which foraminifera identification out two genus of diatoms five genera, the habitat environment, mainly planktonic species, followed by benthic species.(4) Understanding of the sample is located in the hydrothermal environment is: water depth of about 2000 meters, belong to the deep sea / semi deep environment; in the rapid expansion of the mid ocean ridge area, the expansion rate of about 127mm/a.(5) The sources of marine sediments are divided into three types: terrestrial, marine volcano volcano clastic composition and formation. In the study area belongs to deep sedimentary environment and away from the edge of the continent, so the lack of terrigenous material, occupies the main status is biological effect(biological products and biological remains) and chemical effects of the product. |
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