Study On Response Of Winter Cranes To Land Use Change Based On GIS Technology

This essay selected 8 periods Landsat TM remote sensing of Shengjin NNR,at the same time of winter,(1986,1990,1995,2000,2004,2008,2011,2015),topographic maps,GPS control points,planning map,social and economic statistics survey data and other written materials as the foundation.And selected rare cranes which live in Shengjin NNR during the winter as the main research object.With the support of the remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)technology,using theory and method of landscape ecology,analyzing the regional landscape pattern and ecological structure,this essay conducted a quantitative research from the time series and spatial scales on use types of regional land and the dynamic changes of the landscape pattern of Shengjin NNR.In addition,this eassy discussed the influence of land use classification to cranes and the response of cranes to land use change.Based on these studies,this eassy selected part of typical habitat index as the content of the quantitative analysis,and through establish the habitat suitability(HSL model)evaluation model,completed the evaluation of suitable habitat to cranes,due to the result,pointing out layout and suggestion which is beneficial to habitat preservation of maintain a certain crane class population and recovery of rationalizing layout patterns of landscape ofShengjin NNR,which provided a scientific basis for wetland protection and management.During the process,the following results and progress was made in this essay :1.Through the processing of remote sensing images in different periods(1986,1990,1995,2000,2004,2008,2011,2015),it provided the basis for obtaining the land use pattern of Shengjin NNR and its evolution.Research results showed that: from 1986 to2015,a certain degree of changes occurred in number,area and spatial location of patches of different landscape types.Areas with waters landscape as the substrate,grassland,forest land,the dry land landscape and so on as the main body of the staggered wetland landscape pattern,while the rest of the patch shaped scattered in the area of landscape types which overall landscape pattern has not changed.2.The results showed that two indexes(the diversity of landscape diversity index and dominance index)presented a certain negative correlation,and diversity and evenness index,both presented a certain positive correlation.Landscape diversity,landscape evenness was increasing,landscape dominance index was decreased,reflected from the side the differences of the proportion of landscape types increases,the landscape heterogeneity was higher,which was not conducive to the stability of ecosystem.3.On the basis of dynamic analysis of land use and landscape pattern,research the reason of wetland habitat change,analyse the land use and how its change affect the crane habitat factors,discussed the influence of human activities on the natural habitats way and degree.Selected disturbance degree,food abundance,plant coverage,hydrological conditions,the best breeding area and land use type,and then analyse the index by quantitative analysis,completed this area's rare cranes habitat evaluation through establishment of HSI model,based on this,the habitat suitability evaluation of the results are analyse by quantitative analysis and processed,dividing into four different habitat types:suitable habitat,suitable habitat,less appropriate habitat and unsuitable habitat.4.The comprehensive utilization of 3S technology complete the data acquisition and processing of paper study,based on this,extraction and quantitative analysis of each evaluation index accomplished.The results show that the meadow and marsh landscape is negatively related to the number of rare cranes,while forest land,cultivated land(breeding)and rare cranes present a certain number of positive correlation;landscape diversity and rare cranes present a certain number of positive correlation,fragmentation and rare cranes present a certain number of negative correlation;activity and the distance from feeding ground vegetation,human disturbance are major factors for crane to select nest,while concealment conditions and food richness are vital factors.Through analysis about crane habitat evaluation in Shengjin NNR from 1986 to 2015,suitability area occupied the absolute superiority,these study areas are mainly distributed in the core,which form the controlling ecological landscape area,these areas are mainly have vegetation coverage of the shallow lakes and rivers,fisheries aquaculture area,away from roads and settlement,without artificial interference.Although close to paddy field and shallow,far away from human disturbance;Suitability areas which occupy the proportion of small,mainly distributed in the buffer,and near the main road except human activity is frequent noise and light pollution to waterfowl habitat also brought a lot of damage;Less suitable regions also occupy a little proportion,mainly distributed in the experimental area and buffer;Inappropriate areas occupy a larger proportion,mainly distributed in experimental area,roads and residential areas of dense area and its buffer zones are inappropriate for crane habitat.5.In recent years,the government and the reserve to implement a series of restoration and protection measures had some positive effects,water birds' habitat protected areas had a rising trend.It should continue to intensify the management of protected areas,actively grazing ban,returning farmland to forest,fishing for reclaimation,etc,to protect and repairthe wetland ecosystem,species diversity and ecological environment,insist on sustainable development,to achieve symbiosis and harmony between human and nature.