The Chromosomes Karyotypes And Phylogeny Of The Freshwater Planarians From 22 Localities In Qinling,China

The chromosomes and karyotypes of freshwater planarian,Dugesia sp.and Polycelis sp.,were studied by air drying method in this paper,which planarians were collected from 22 localities in Qinling,China;18S rDNA,28 S rDNA,mtDNA Cytb,mtDNA COI sequence were sequenced by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing techniques,NJ trees were constructed using the neighbor joining method based on each single gene and the combined gene sequences to explore phylogenetic relationship of freshwater planarian.Karyotype analysis showed that: the cardinal number of chromosome of Dugesia sp.from 15 localities is 8,the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from shajin village,Min County,Gansu Province is a mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy and triploid,karyotype formula of mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy is 2n=3x+1=24+1SB=21m+3sm+1SB;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Yangjiawan,Maiji district,Gansu Province is triploid and diploid,karyotype formula of triploid is 2n=3x=24=9m+9sm+6st,and there is a satellite in the end of the long arm of the frist group chromosomes in the triploid and diploid;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Xianrenya,Maiji mountain,Gansu Province is triploid,karyotype formula is 2n=3x=24=24m;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Jinlong mountain,Maiji district,Gansu Province is tetraploid,triploid and a mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy,karyotype formula of tetraploid is 2n=4x=32=32m;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Huajiagou,Mei County,Shaanxi Province is triploid,a mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy and diploid,karyotype formula of triploid is 2n=3x=24=3m+18sm+3st;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Huaishugou,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is triploid,diploid and a mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy,karyotype formula of triploid is 2n=3x=24=9m+15sm;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Xiangyinggou A,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is triploid,karyotype formula is 2n=3x=24=9m+15sm;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Xiangyinggou B,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is diploid,karyotype formula is 2n=2x=16=16m;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Yuantanzi,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is triploid and diploid,karyotype formula of triploid is 2n=3x=24=24m;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Banfangzi,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is a mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy,karyotype formula is 2n=3x+1=24+1SB=9m+9sm+6st+1SB;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Kuzhugou,Ningshan County,Shaanxi Province is triploid and diploid,karyotype formula of triploid is 2n=3x=24=24m;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Xujiaping,Ningshan County,Shaanxi Province is a mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy and triploid,karyotype formula of mixoploid of triploid aneuploidy is 2n=3x+1=24+1SB=24m+1SB;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Dasigou A,Ningshan County,Shaanxi Province is triploid,karyotype formula is 2n=3x=24=24m;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Dasigou B,Ningshan County,Shaanxi Province is triploid,karyotype formula is 2n=3x=24=24m;the karyotype of Dugesia sp.which is from Banqiao village,Yang County,Shaanxi Province is diploid,karyotype formula is 2n=2x=16=16m,in which there is a satellite in the end of the long arm of the fifth group chromosomes.The karyotype formula of Polycelis sp.which is from Changping village,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is 2n=2x=40=34m+6sm;the karyotype formula of Polycelis sp.which is from north of the Qinling tunnel,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is 2n=2x=40=28m+12sm;the karyotype formula of Polycelis sp.which is on the Qinling tunnel,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi Province is 2n=2x=40=34m+6sm,in which there is a satellite in the end of the short arm of the third group chromosomes;the karyotype formula of Polycelis sp.which is from north of the protection station in Guanyin mountain,Foping County,Shaanxi Province is 2n=2x=40=30m+10sm;the karyotype formula of Polycelis sp.which is from south of the protection station in Guanyin mountain A,Foping County,Shaanxi Province is 2n=2x=40=34m+6sm;the karyotype formula of Polycelis sp.which is from south of the protection station in Guanyin mountain B,Foping County,Shaanxi Province is 2n=2x=40=30m+8sm+2st;the karyotype formula of Polycelis sp.which is from Xiongmaogu,Foping County,Shaanxi Province is 2n=2x=40=28m+10sm+2st.Phylogenetic analysis showed that: Dugesia sp.and Polycelis sp.were substantial in each clade in the phylogenetic tree constructed based on a single gene 18 S rDNA,in which the Dugesia sp.from Banqiao village share a branch with Polycelis sp.,and position of each species in the phylogenetic tree is substantial consistent with the evolution relationship which is reflected by morpholoyical materials and karyotype;Dugesia sp.and Polycelis sp.were complete clustered into each clade in the phylogenetic tree constructed based on a single gene 28 S rDNA,and position of each species in the phylogenetic tree is substantial consistent with the evolution relationship which is reflected by morpholoyical materials and karyotype;Dugesia sp.and Polycelis sp.were not clustered into each clade in the phylogenetic trees constructed based on a single gene mtDNA Cytb and a single gene mtDNA COI;Dugesia sp.and Polycelis sp.were complete clustered into each clade in the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the combined gene,and position of each species in the phylogenetic tree is identical consistent with the evolution relationship which is reflected by morpholoyical materials and karyotype,and the tree which is constructed based on the combined gene is more accurate than the tree which is constructed based on a single gene 18S rDNA and a single gene 28S rDNA.