The Diversity And Habitat Adaption Analysis Of The Bryophytes On The Shoreside Of The Yellow River And The Taxonomic Confirmation And The Plant Tissue Culture Of The Physcomitrella Patens (Hedw.) B.S.G.

The Yellow River starts from the Qing Hai-Tibet Plateau and flows down through the Wu Hai City, Bayannur City, Bao Tou City, Ordos City and Hohhot City in Inner Mongolia Province. And as one of the traditional centre area of biodiversity, the Ordos Plateau is surrounded by the Yellow River just like the Chinese word "?". According to the the subarea of bryophytes, the west of Inner Mongolia lies in the centre of Mengxin area. And the zonal vegetation of the area is multifarious. The bryophytes of this area especially along the shoreside of the Yellow River haven't been studied for a long time because of the traffic. We set 10 research sites on the shoreside of the Yellow River and the hillside near the Yellow River in Wu Hai, Bayannur, Ordos and Hohhot. The bryophytes of this area have been studied with distribution character, diversity, floristic element and habitat adaption. On the other hand, the new record species Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. has been studied in the area of taxonomy and molecular biology by using the theory of morphological anatomy and the DNA barcode. And it's reproductive adaptabilly is also been studied by the means of soil analysis and the number of spores. The main conclusions as follows:(1) 6 families,20 genera and 51 species of bryophytes (including varieties) were discovered in the shoreside of Yellow River.1 family,1 genera,4 species of liverworts and 5 famyly,19 genera,47 species of mosses (including varieties) were among them. The total of families, genera and species of bryophyte in this area respective occupied 9.5%, 10.9% and 10.1% of the total number of bryophytes in Inner Mongolia. The dominant families were Pottiaceae and Funariaceae. The dominant genera were Riccia, Didymodon, Aloina, Physcomitrium and Bryum. One new record species of China, one new record genera of Inner Mongolia and two new record species of Inner Mongolia were found in the research area. The Chinese new record species is Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G., the Inner Mongolia new record genera is Physcomitrella, the Inner Mongolia new record species are Physcomitrium coorgenes and Physcomitrium courtoisii.The distribution feature of the bryophytes in the research area as the follows:The diversity of the bryophytes in the research area have a positive relation with the diversity of habitats. The life form of the bryophytes in the research area belongs to Errantia, Adnata and Radicantia. The number of the bryophytes belongs to Radicantia are the most and this result in line with the climate of the research area.(2) 51 species of bryophytes in the research area belongs 9 kinds of floristic geographical elements types, including Cosmopolitan, Pantropical elements, North Temperate elements, Asian and North American elements, Old World Temperate elements, Medit,Western Asia to Central Asia, Central Asia, East Asian elements and Endemic to China. Among these, the North Temperate elements species are the most with the number of 23 and with 45.1% of the total species number.(3) The diversity index of the bryophytes in the shoreside of the Yellow River is lower than in the hillside near the Yellow River, because the diversity of habitats in the hillside is higher than the shoreside.(4) The homology of matK sequence between the Chinese Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and the sequence on the NCBI is very high and they are belong the same species.(5) The best sterilization system for the Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) BSG's spore is as the follows:soak the spore in C2H5OH(75%) for 30s, wash 3 times, soak the spore in NaClO(1%), then wash 3times. The most suitable pH is about 8.3.(6) The soil texture of the Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. habitat is clay and loam, the the pH is 8.3. based on the PCA, the main factor that influence the Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G's distribution is the percent of the clay particle and fine silt. The pH, sand and the hygroscopic water can also influence the distribution of the Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G..(7) The number of the new record Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G.'s spores is 3×105, and this number is higher than the others bryophytes. According the habitat of the Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. we find that the Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. has changed to fit the habitat in reproduction.