Research On The Customs Of Yingkou During The Late Qing Dynasty(1861～1911)

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Northeast of China was in a state of relative isolation from the outside. The 1858 《Treaty of Tianjin》 signed completely break this pattern, NewChwang become the first opening treaty ports of the Northeast of China. In 1861, Yingkou instead of NewChwang port until 1902 before the Dalian port, Yingkou has been the only commercial port in Northeast China’s foreign trade, The establishment of customs is the beginning of the customs system in the northeast of China in the modern sense. The Yingkou customs as the research object, based on customs historical and archival documents, elaborates the situations of Yingkou port, Yingkou customs’ establishment, organization and the main functions of the problem and to grasp the full text on the basis of Yingkou customs made a fair assessment of the history.This paper is mainly divided into three parts:The first part mainly introduces the history of Yingkou in the late Qing Dynasty and Yingkou customs’ set. It includes the establishment of Yingkou port of modern customs system, Yingkou port opening and the establishment of Yingkou customs,from the three aspects discusses the historical process of the establishment of Yingkou port in the late Qing Dynasty and the reasons for the customs. It focuses on the introduction of the customs system of the late Qing Dynasty and the opening of Yingkou customs inspection.The second part is the main part of this thesis, which is the organization and main function of Yingkou customs in the late Qing Dynasty. In the early year of the Yingkou customs, due to a serious shortage of funds for customs, customs organization is very simple.With the development of the customs, customs organization is increasingly perfect, culminating in the tax department and the sea provided two departments of the Ministry. In the management of foreign controlled taxation and tariff system and Yingkou customs give full play to the functions of the tariffs, smuggling, port management, port quarantine, customs duties so long in the growth state. However, the separation of the taxation power and the custody right of customs duty in the late Qing Dynasty makes a mutual restrain trelationship between the superintendent of the customs and the customs commissioner.The third part focuses on the historical evaluation of Yingkou customs in the late Qing dynasty. In the late Qing period, the foreign trade in Northeast China was greatly developed, and the steady increase of tariff income, which provided the most reliable guarantee for the government in the late Qing Dynasty. Yingkou customs also make the western advanced system into ignorance, promote the Northeast gradually to modernization. However, In the management of foreign controlled taxation and tariff system,Yingkou customs is controled by foreigners, For the purpose of controlling the Chinese economy, which Yingkou customs has also become an assistant to the Western powers to grab the interests of China, prompted the further deepening of degree of colonization in Northeast of China.