Research On Formation Mechanism Of CoPS Innovation Risk--Network Embeddedness Perspective

Complex product and system (CoPS), plays an increasingly important role in the current social economy, such as high-speed rail, large aircraft and super computer. Its development is even closely related to a country’s economy and comprehensive national power. National Science and Technology Innovation Conference in 2006 and the publication of the national long-term science and technology development plan (2006-2020) also indicated that the complex products and system innovation has been elevated to the national strategic level. In recent years, related aco dents such as the Wenzhou high-speed rail accident, the Three Gorges project’s overrunning, etc. has frequently appeared, risk management efficiency is low and the risk formation mechanism needs to be clear.Compared to the general technological innovation, the complex product and system is different from the innovation mode and the product characteristic, the innovation risk is far more than the former, which is only used in the general technology innovation risk management theory. The characteristic of the technical complexity determines that CoPS innovation cannot be completed by a single enterprise, the mode of "multi-actor’s participating in innovation" become the first choice. Every actor establishes cooperative relation through special assets investing, and finally the CoPS innovation network generated. The actors embedded in network will be influenced by the relations and structural position.Thus the perspective of network embeddedness is established. Firstly, based on the research of CoPS innovation risk and network embeddedness theory (negative effect), this paper puts forward the risk formation path of CoPS, which is based on the paradigmof "SCP". Next, we analyzes the ERL case, refinement and revision to the original model. The empirical part uses a questionnaire survey method, and verifies the relationship among network embeddedness (network density, network center degree, the strength of relationship), opportunistic behavior (hold-up withdraw, moral hazard, refused to adapt) and CoPS innovation risk through the SPSS. In the end, the empirical results are compared with the conclusions of the previous study.The conclusions of the study confirmed the existence the risk generation mechanism of "embeddedness-opportunism behavior-CoPS innovation risk", and get the following conclusions:(1) network centrality and network density (structural embeddedness) with hold-up and withdraw (blatant opportunism behavior) is active related; relationship strength (relational embeddedness) with moral hazard and refused to adaption (lawful opportunistic behavior) negative correlation.(2)The opportunistic behaviors of CoPS innovation actors are an important cause of CoPS innovation risk, and the opportunism behavior plays an intermediary role in the CoPS innovation risk and network embeddedness.(3) Relation strength has a negative regulation effect on the relationship between the network centrality and the blatant opportunistic behavior. Based on the above conclusions, this study proposes three strategies for risk management:to establish cooperative relations actively; to attach importance to relationship governance; to discriminate governance from opportunistic behavior. The innovation of this paper is to introduce the network embeddedness perspective to study the formation mechanism of CoPS innovation risk, and to test the model with many kinds of research methods.