Performance Analysis And Optimization Of Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Heterogeneous networks using a mix of macrocells and small cells are foreseen as one of the solutions to meet the ever increasing mobile traffic demand. Nevertheless, a massive deployment of small cell access points(SAPs) leads also to a considerable increase in energy consumption. Spurred by growing environmental awareness and the high price of energy, it is crucial to design energy efficient wireless systems for both macrocells and small cells. Firstly, this paper presents two traffic offloading algorithms——TO and TOFFR, and then discusses system’s energy efficiency and spectral efficiency under these two algorithms. Secondly, this paper evaluates a distributed sleep-mode strategy for cognitive SAPs and analyzes the trade-off between traffic offloading from the macrocell and the energy consumption of the small cells. Using tools from stochastic geometry, this paper defines the user discovery performance of the SAP and derive the uplink capacity of the small cells located in the Voronoi cell of a macrocell base station, accounting for the uncertainties associated with random position, density, user activity, propagation channel, network interference generated by uncoordinated activity, and the sensing scheme. In addition, this paper defines a fundamental limit on the interference density that allows robust detection and elucidates the relation between energy efficiency and sensing time using large deviations theory. At last, through the formulation of several optimization problems, this paper researches a framework that yields design guidelines for energy efficient small cell networks.