| Recent advances in wireless and embedded technologies increased the deployment of small、low-power and inexpensive sensor nodes with communication and computation ability in various applications, including field data acquisition, intelligent home furnishing, remote monitoring and environmental monitoring. Since the sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks are deployed in complex and bad environment and usually the energy is provided by batteries, the design goal of a good routing protocol for wireless sensor should be reducing and balancing the energy consumption of sensor nodes, there by prolonging the network life. Research shows that for large-scale WSN, hierarchical routing protocol has better adaptability and energy efficiency than the plane routing protocol, as a typical hierarchical routing protocol for GAF Algorithm, its special clustering mechanism and dormancy mechanism can be used in various applications of wireless sensor networks. Responding to these problems, an improved GAF algorithm using energy balance for wireless sensor network (EB-GAF) and an improved GAF algorithm using a honeycomb structure division (HCGAF) are proposed.The thesis takes GAF algorithm as its object, consider both the residual energy of the nodes and the distance between the cluster head and the center of virtual cell, and dormant part of the nodes in virtual cell base on the similar data model, re-divide the virtual cell using the node uniformity model so that all nodes within a uniform node distribution. In addition, one kind of new virtual cellular cell division method and an improved inter clusters routing forwarding strategy are proposed.Simulation environment is set up by Matlab software and the performances of the improved algorithms are verified. We use GPSR as the lower layer communication protocols and simulation results show that GAF and HCGAF algorithm can both save the energy of the nodes effectively and prolong the network lifetime. |
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