Wirless Sensor Network Data Integrity Based On Digital Watermarking

Wireless sensor network (WSN) as an important technology of things perception layer realizes data-centric information acquisition and collection. To protect the integrity of data collected from the networks is crucial for WSN, for the reason that the data probably be tampered by attacker as the network is always deployed in open areas. The traditional cryptography can protect data integrity, but it has a lot of redundant data and high computational complexity. Taking the above reasons into account, the digital watermarking technology as a new technology of data integrity is more suitable for WSN.This paper investigates the digital watermark algorithm by using the characteristics of carrier data and cooperation of WSN nodes. Aim at the above two points, two data integrity protection schemes for WSN are proposed with one based on zero-watermark and the other based on grouping negotiation and reversible watermark. For the former, the watermark is generated by using the coefficients characteristics in transform domain of carrier. The scheme ensures the consistency of carrier, and has strong robustness and good transparency. It solves the problem that the current WSN data integrity protection schemes based on digital watermark change the original carrier because of the embedded watermark. The latter fully considers the characteristics of WSN nodes as distributed data collection, data storage and nodes negotiation, reversible watermark is generated to realize lossless recovery of original data. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the limited energy of nodes, and uses grouping algorithm, pseudo cluster head algorithm and watermark algorithm with low complexity to save energy. Grouping algorithm can also balance the distribution of nodes and node energy.The ways to attack WSN and the corresponding security analysis are given in zero-watermark scheme. Simulation result shows that the scheme can meet different data protection requirements by adjusting packets loss threshold and the false data threshold, also the algorithm can be proved with strong robustness. Three experiments in different environments is designed in the reversible watermark scheme, the results show that the aims to reduce energy consumption, equally group, equally energy distribute, and restore the original data are implemented.