The Effect Of Allopurinol On Antioxidant Capacity Of Overtraining Rat Skeletal Muscle

ObjectiveTo explore the role of xanthine oxidase in the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in training and the mechanism of how training induce ROS production through xanthine oxidase pathway, by observing the effects of allopurinol on skeletal muscle oxygen metabolism and the influence of antioxidant enzyme system of overtraining rats. MethodsAfter one week adaptive feed, rats were randomly divided into control group(CON, n=8), trained control group( TC, n=8) and exhaustive trained group(ET, n=16). After nine weeks training, the ET group were randomly divided into two subgroups: the ET + saline group(group A, n=8), the ET + allopurinol group(group B, n=8). At the last week(the tenth week), the A and B group were administered equal amount of placebo(0.9% saline) and allopurinol(ALLO, 100 mg/kg), respectively, once a day by intragastric administration. Ten weeks after training the serum testosterone, hemoglobin, xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH), xanthine oxidase(XOD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS), and the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-k B(p50 and p105) were determined. The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation(SD). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software(version 16.0), using one-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results(1) Compared with CON group, TC group rats serum testosterone and level was slightly but none significantly decreased and hemoglobin was no significantly changed. Compared with the TC group, ET + Saline group rat serum testosterone level was none significantly decreased and hemoglobin content was slightly but none significantly decreased; ET + ALLO group rat serum testosterone level significantly increased(p < 0.05), and hemoglobin hemoglobin content was slightly but none significantly decreased. Compared ET + Saline group, ET + ALLO group serum testosterone level were significantly increased(p < 0.01) and hemoglobin content was slightly but none significantly decreased.(2) Compared with CON group, rats skeletal muscle XDH activity was significantly decreased, and XOD activity was non-significantly increased in TC group. Compared with TC group, ET + Saline group rats skeletal muscle XDH and XOD activity were significantly increased(p < 0.01); ET + ALLO rat skeletal muscle XDH activity was significantly increased(p < 0.01)and XOD activity was none significantly increased. Compared with ET + Saline group, rats skeletal muscle XDH and XOD activity was significantly decreased in ET + ALLO group(p < 0.01).(3) Compared with CON group, rats skeletal muscle MDA level was significantly increased in TC group(p < 0.01). Compared with group TC group, rats skeletal muscle MDA level was significantly elevated(p < 0.01) in ET + Saline group, and was no significantly changed in ET + ALLO group. Compared with ET + Saline group, skeletal muscle MDA level was significantly decreased in ET + ALLO group(p < 0.01).(4) Compared with CON group, rats skeletal muscle SOD activity was significantly increased(p < 0.01) and GSH content was none significantly changed in TC group. Compared with the TC group, rats skeletal muscle GSH content was none significantly increased and SOD activity was none significantly decreased in ET + Saline group; GSH content was significantly increased(p < 0.01) and SOD activity was none significantly increased in ET + ALLO group. Compared with ET + Saline group, rats skeletal muscle GSH content was significantly increased(p < 0.01) and SOD activity was none significantly increased in ET + ALLO group.(5) Compared with CON group, rats skeletal muscle e NOS level was none significantly increased in TC group. Compared with group TC group, rats skeletal muscle e NOS level was none significantly elevated in ET + Saline group and ET + ALLO group. Compared with ET + Saline group, rat skeletal muscle e NOS level was none significantly increased in ET + ALLO group.(6) Compared with CON group, rats skeletal muscle p38 and p-p38 levels was none significantly increased in TC group. Compared with group TC group, rats skeletal muscle p38 was none significantly changed and p-p38 levels was none increaded in ET + Saline group and ET + ALLO group. Compared with ET + Saline group, rat skeletal muscle p38 level was none significantly changed and p-p38 level was none significantly decreased in ET + ALLO group.(7) Compared with CON group, the phosphorylation of rats skeletal muscle p38 was none significantly changed in TC group. Compared with the TC group, the phosphorylation of rats skeletal muscle p38 was none significantly increased in ET + Saline group and ET + ALLO group. Compared with ET + Saline group, the phosphorylation of rats skeletal muscle p38 was none significantly decreased in ET + ALLO group.(8) Compared with CON group, rat skeletal muscle P50 content was none significantly increased and P105 content was significantly increased in TC group(p < 0.05). Compared with the TC group, rat skeletal muscle P50 levels were none significantly changed both in ET + Saline group and in ET + ALLO group, and P105 content was none significantly decreased in ET + Saline group and significantly decreased in ET + ALLO group( p < 0.05). Compared with ET + Saline group, rat skeletal muscle P105 content was none significantly decreased and P50 content was none significantly changed in ET + ALLO group. ConclusionXOD pathway in sports training produce ROS plays a very important role, allopurinol can significantly increase the overtraining antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle of rats. Activate signaling molecules.