| Urbanization is the symbol of Modernization level of a country. It leads the changes of economic power, population and culture. These changes also promote the reform and adjustment of primary and secondary school education. This paper introduces the guarantee and implementation of the educational opportunity equality in American primary and secondary schools during metropolitanization.This paper has five parts:Chapter â… (Introduction part) mainly introduces the reason of choosing this topic, the content, purpose, arrangement, method, innovation point and limitation of this paper. It also defines the meaning of urbanization, metropolitanization, primary and secondary schools and the equality of the educational opportunity. It also states the status of the study of American urbanization, social changes and education aboard and at home.Chapter â…¡ mainly states the development in the early period of metropolitanization drives the social changes, such as:the progress of science and technology, the industrialization, the economic development, the wave of migrants and the growth of population. The primary and secondary schools have changed which due to the metropolitanization and the equality of educational opportunity. For example, the decline of Progressive education movement, the promulgation and enforcement of NDEA and the implementation and execution of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. These are the bases of the implementation of the educational opportunity equality in next period.Chapter â…¢ mainly states the social changes in the period of metropolitanization, the economy development has caused poverty, migration and racial discrimination problems which promoted the civil rights movement and anti-poverty policies. It also states, the implementation and execution of the related acts which guarantee the educational opportunity equality. For example, Civil Rights Act, Economic Opportunity Act and Elementary and Secondary Education Act.Chapter â…£ mainly states the social changes in period of metropolitanization, under the atmosphere of the conservative politics, economic and energy crisis led a large number of unemployment. As the civil rights movement has been declining, the other inspired immigrants began to pursue the equality of civil rights. It states the guarantee and implementation of the equality of educational opportunity of minority nationality. Also, the school curriculum changes for alleviating unemployment. For example, the controlled choice plan and diversified kinds of schools in the process of integration, the bilingual education for Mexican and Asian Americans, the vocational education of career education movement and the curriculum reforms of back to the basics education movement.The final comment is a conclusion of the full paper, which discusses the experience of the guarantee and implementation of the equality of educational opportunity in American primary and secondary schools from the metropolitanization perspective:The population migration promotes the equal educational opportunity. Legislating before implementing that guarantees the development. |
