Research On Optimizing Distribution Of Rural Settlement In Mian County Under The Migration Policy

For a long time, due to natural conditions, living habits and other factors, rural settlements in our country always lack of scientific planning, distribute dispersedly, and are used extensively, which has caused a widespread concern of land managers and related scholars. Tying the reduction of rural construction land to the increase of urban is an important step for promoting the development of the urban and rural areas integration in China. Due to the complicated topography and natural environment, distribution of rural settlement in southern Shaanxi is not science, especially in the poor mountainous areas of disasters, bringing to farmers’ living and production great losses. Shaanxi provincial government introduced the migration policy in 2011, in order to alleviate poverty, avoid disaster and protect ecology, planning to arrange about 6 hundred thousand households, 2.4 million people to 2020 year, but a lot of problems and deviations gradually came out in the process. Therefore, taking migration as a breakthrough point to research the rural settlement distribution optimization is very necessary.This paper takes the migration policy as background and Mian county as study area, on the basis of full comprehending about the domestic and foreign research progress and related concepts and theories, by means of GIS technology and the application of restrictive factor method, AHP, multi-factor weighted sum method under limited condition, proceeds with a present situation analysis of rural settlement in Mian county, introducing landscape indices to describe the distribution characteristics quantitatively and pointing out the existing problems according to the basic requests of rural settlement’s reasonable distribution. Then, combining with the migration target and land characteristic of southern Shaanxi, suitability evaluation system is established from the three aspects of ecology, disaster and poverty factors. Suitable rural settlement shall be maintained and the unsuitable is identified as removal area. On this basis, under the comprehensive consideration of terrain, location, resources and ecology conditions, 11 indicators are selected to construct rural residential relocation suitability evaluation index system, the result is divided into four levels of highly appropriate, moderately appropriate, low-grade appropriate and inappropriate. At last, Synthesizing the above evaluations, through the demand scale calculation and comparison with appropriate scale, this paper divides townships of Mian county into two types of surplus and deficit, formulates macro migration directions and then in micro level takes administrative village as a unit for resettlement, summarizes the typical optimization models and evaluates the optimization result’s benefit.Study presents that 83.34% of Mian county rural residential area is suitable, mainly distributes in the two sides of Han river and along rivers and roads in low mountain areas, where has abundant resources, convenient transportation, good production and living conditions; 16.66% as inappropriate area, mainly distributes in the west and south of the county, northern mountains also have some, where living environment is bad, disasters occurred frequently, so farmers should be moved in time. Highly suitable resettlement areas mainly locate in the north shore of the Han river and along the shallow mountain roads and rivers, they are the ideal area for resettlement. Yuandun, Xinpu, Zhenchuan, Qishuba, Changgouhe and Zhangjiahe towns’ residents have to migrate to the nearby towns. By comparative analysis with the present state, rural settlement after optimization not only solves the problems existing in current situation, but distributes more concentratedly, improves the level of economical and intensive utilization of land, at the same time, social, economic and ecological benefits are remarkable. The study has a certain practical significance for scientifically and effectively guiding the migration work in Mian county and other similar areas, promoting the development of local urban and rural construction land as a whole, speeding up the construction of ecological civilization and optimizing county land and space development pattern.