Research Consensus Under The Theoretical System Of Rawls

Since the reform of western religions, Christianity unified situation had been changed; during the period, the western world also has experienced the baptism of the Age of Enlightenment, and the diversification of the value and the thinking is becoming a normal in today’s society, and it is acceptable. However, the diversification of the so many rational doctrines are still exist, it tends to make people face the problem of such a solution:If this diversification of the thinking and value pluralism is seen as a destined status in a constitutional society, it is a inevitable result that the human rationality develop of the free people, so which is the basis of social stability, and how the believer of the so many rational doctrines to accept it and get a unity.In a constitutional government,the individuals who is believing in the different rational doctrines how to get a unity.That is to say, if a good social order can exist, as the unified foundation, where is the basis of a social stability. About this, the concept of overlapping consensus by Rawls gave us a answer. By analyzing the ideas which refer to the process of how to make the overlapping consensus-the concept of a fair and cooperative system, the concept of free and equal individual, the concept of a good order society and the concept of the public reason and so on, in response to how to get a foundation of reach a overlapping consensus, and what is the feature of the society which lias a overlapping consensus.Under the theory of Rawls,there are two steps to get a overlapping:analyze in a constitutional government in which the diversification of the ration doctrines exist, how the diversification of value resulting in these principles and how the people accept them, to bring about a constitution consensus and how the constitution consensus deepen% expand constantly to complete a overlapping consensus.In the process when we want to reach a overlapping consensus,referred to a series of ideas and assumptions,with the ambiguity and controversy. First, it is about the hypothesis of human nature, that if and to what extent the rational and phlegmatic of human nature is true or perfect. Secondly, the idea of justice as fairness as one representative concept of justice in the political spectrum of liberalism, what makes it seen as the core and focus of the overlapping consensus and if it is our only choice or it is a convenient choice that established on a special hypothesis of the human nature-rational and phlegmatic; at last, what Rawls had said about content of the justice as fairness makes if the people in a constitutional government can not agree with a substantial concept-such as the justice as fairness, so a overlapping consensus would not get, in other words, for the value of the justice as fairness lack a cherished value of procedural settings, it results in lacking a ensure to gain a overlapping consensus.So,when we should be optimistic to reach a overlapping consensus,at the same time, about the possible controversy that in the previous part, it is necessary for us to rebuilt the related theory by lending some ideas from the Nozick, Habermas, and emphasize on the following point:first, if such a substantial concept as justice as fairness can not satisfy the need of the people fully, and it is hard to get the core and focus of a overlapping consensus, so what should we do to recover the confidence to a substantial concept, one choice is expand and content, and to include the main value as much as possible; or reduce the basis of the substantial concept, and make it only can satisfy the need of people at a consensus minimally. Secondly, about the possible flaws of a substantial concept, a procedural setting still should be included as a special value of instrumental.