Research On The Scientificity Of Urban Social Assistance And It’s Expansion Research

The ultimate goal of social assistance is to control poverty, so choosing poverty theory as the beginning of policy research will provide scientific basis for social assistance. This paper argues that it should be Amartya Sen’s theory of "ability poverty" as the theoretical basis of urban social assistance in China."Ability poverty" is more scientific than "income poverty" which is a traditional concept, it takes into account a man’s real life state rather than the income level, especially the relief need of "spending poverty" family, making the matched-degree of social assistance higher. However, the current urban social assistance system in our country is lack of scientificity, due to the special assistance programs generally attach aid basis to whether the applicant’s income level reaches the poverty line, it would absolutely rule out a great number of special poverty group, thus vastly weaken the function of social assistance.In this paper, the author puts forward the specific issues of urban social assistance system which is lack of scientificity, by means of analyzing the object orientation and the policy effect of subsistence allowance and other special assistance programs in detail. In addition, the article criticizes and optimizes Sen’s theory of "ability poverty", it expands the extension of social assistance from the perspective of preventing poverty, putting forward that Sen’s "ability poverty" and John Rawls’s "basic goodness" theory should complement each other in order to expand its "ability set", we should not only pay attention to human’s basic life ability, but also attach great importance to the conditions of implementation of ability, namely the equality of opportunity and rights, in order to basically realize the prevention of poverty. On this basis, this paper discusses issues of Chinese governments in terms of urban public administration and public policiesThe structure of the article is as follows:in the beginning is the "introduction", mainly stating the significance of topic selection, literature review, the innovation and shortcoming of the article. The first chapter is "the basic concept definition of poverty: low income or lack of ability?", it elaborates the reasons of why poverty is defined as " lack of ability", and distinguishes "narrative poverty" and "poverty in policy", and puts forward the existence of "spending poverty", in the end is the definition of "scientificity " appearing in the article. Based on the theoretical analysis in the first chapter, the second chapter is "the analysis of the scientificity of current urban social assistance system in our country ", through the theoretical and empirical analysis, it found that the "one size fits all" feature of subsistence allowance is reasonable, but the function cross between subsistence allowance and special assistance programs,somehow contradicting with "ability poverty", especially the object-orientation dislocation of medical aid as also as educational assistance, leading to the lack of scientificity and ideal effect of urban social assistance system The third chapter is "the expansion of urban social assistance system, meaning analysis of other public policies to preventing urban poverty. Considering the prevention of urban poverty, the article expands the extension of social assistance, putting forward that Sen’s "ability poverty" and John Rawls’s "basic goodness" theory should complement each other, not only should we pay attention to the realization of the basic ability, but also attach importance to the equality of rights and opportunities. Therefore, our government has necessity to revolute policies in such aspects as education opportunities, job fair and so on, in order to reduce the risk of vulnerable groups falling into poverty. The fourth chapter is "Suggestions of optimizing urban social assistance policy ". In order to raise the scientificity of social assistance, we could act from the following aspects:one is establishing the scientific concept of poverty. The second is to draw a clear distinction on function orientation between subsistence system and special assistance programs, forming a comprehensive assistance system considering the balance of income and outcome. The third is to explore scientific identification system of poverty, and improve the efficiency of poverty identification. The fourth is to develop "social assistance law" as soon as possible, providing legal basis for social assistance system. The last is to restore the balance of public policies in order to realize prevention-poverty governance.