| The basic theoretical purport of Marxist philosophy is to realize the liberation of human beings through fundamental revolution to the "mass world". In the eyes of Marx, a society of justice is one in which everyone achieves free and all-around development. Marx basically defines the standard of justice by studying the masses engaged in producing activity. Through this kind of real investigation and profound theoretical research, Marx points out that:proletariats must wipe out private ownership so as to liberate themselves, and it is necessary to launch communist revolution and break with traditional concepts and ownership system in the most thorough way. Proletariats have to get through tremendous difficulties to break with traditional concepts because proletarian ideas generally affiliate to the ruling class. However, if the breaking up cannot be realized thoroughly, proletariats can not understand the content and meaning of the breaking up better. Therefore, Marx consciously undertook the task of helping proletariats with mental production and tearing the universal phantom of bourgeois ideology constantly. Different from justice value of Marx and the research approach, the cores of justice advocated by modern liberalism justice theorists are "freedom", "equality" and "property rights", etc. This kind of justice concept regards human beings as abstract objects and demonstrates man’s natural right on the basis of pure abstract human beings to protect the rights such as property rights. The various propositions advocated by liberalism theorists are nothing but the adjustment and improvement of the present property relationship. Therefore, in the view of Marxist justice, the propositions advanced by liberalism justice in modern times are the object of criticism. For proletariats, the capitalist society is not one with freedom and equality, but one taking proletariats as the exploitation, ruling and enslaving object in the capitalist society. There is no doubt that such a society is also the object of criticism by Marx.Marx’s criticism against bourgeois justice is organized combining the first volume of Das Kapital. Specifically speaking, Marx criticizes bourgeois justice from the perspectives of economy, politics and culture. Firstly, proletariats are economically exploited by bourgeoisies. The freedom and equality of labor transactions between bourgeois and proletariats are only superficial phenomena. Once penetrating deeply into the process of capitalistic production, it will be found that the surplus value of workers is occupied freely by capitalists that even variable capital is produced by proletariats themselves. In addition, the production of absolute surplus value and relative surplus value makes proletariats suffer from severe torment in the process of production. Secondly, proletariats are politically ruled by bourgeoisies. Capitalistic production and simple reproduction make proletariats affiliate to capitalists, while capitalist accumulation has consolidated the affiliation. According to the principle "economic base determines the superstructure" of historical materialism, the affiliation of productive relations certainly results in the political ruling of proletariats by bourgeoisies. A prominent manifestation is that laws in the capitalist society have been the tool to protect benefits of capitalists. Thirdly, proletariats are culturally enslaved by bourgeoisies. Due to the economic exploitation and political ruling, proletariats are certain to be enslaved culturally. Proletariats do not have the objective conditions for cultural production, which can be manifested by the fact that proletariats lack corresponding material base and the free time to engage in mental and cultural production. Meanwhile, capitalistic production has damaged the subjective ability of mental production. The concept of Marxist justice has significant enlightenment in China.we should study the issue of justice from the angle of the masses.we should liberate and develop the productive forces unremittingly.we should carry forward the socialist core values vigorously. |
