| Chieftain system is in the Ming and Qing dynasties northwest and southwest areas inhabited by minority nationalities granted upper echelons of the world and the official name for the rule of hereditary privilege to a political system of the local people. The chieftain system was founded by the governor of the Yuan dynasty, the dominators of the Ming dynasty inherited and developed the chieftain system of the Yuan dynasty. The chieftain system is the premise and foundation of the existence and the development of the soldier system, the soldier system is the essential foundation for the implementation of the chieftain system. The concept of the local soldier has broad sense and narrow sense, in the broad sense of the local soldier, ethnic composition is complicated, including Tujia nationality, Miao nationality and Zhuang nationality; in the narrow sense of the local soldier only refers to the Tujia nationality, ethnic composition is a single. Miao solider is composed of the Miao people. Ming dynasty inherited the system of Yuan dynasty, many systems have been abandoned by Ming dynasty. Taking the military system for example, Ming government has inherited and developed the chieftain system and solder system of Yuan dynasty. The governor of the Ming dynasty inherited and adopted to requisition Miao soldiers, especially in the middle and late of the Ming dynasty, called up Miao soldiers on a large scale. Miao soldier is an organic part of Ming dynasty national armed forces. The Ming dynasty army was consisted of non-military satellite systems and the military system. the military system including Jing Wei army, local military garrison, the military side of the defense, is the main military force of the Ming Dynasty. In addition to the military garrison, the Ming government still has a strong people, rural soldiers, the township soldiers, the toast soldiers. Miao soldier belonged to the local armed forces. The local armed forces belonged to non garrison army. Miao soldier is an integral part of the Ming Dynasty the country’s Armed Forces."play off one power against another" is the Chinese frontier minority rulers governance strategy idiomatic. The central dynasty imposed on minority ethnic division and the policy of racial discrimination, let the minorities mutually restrict and balance. In order to achieve the purpose of controlling minorities by minorities. After the middle of the Ming dynasty, the system of the army continuously decayed, the central army also continued to decline. Facing the increasing serious domestic trouble and foreign invasion, the governors had to conscript Miao soldiers to deal with.The Ming government called up Miao soldiers to participate in a series of military activities, such as the battle of the early Ming Dynasty unified the country, the battle for fighting barbarian tribes, suppression of peasant uprisings, the war for fighting against Japanese pirates, guarding post and so on. Miao soldiers made great contribution to the establishment and consolidation of Ming dynasty, social stability, national unity, safeguard people’s live and work in peace. Beneficial to the promotion of the perfection and development of a unified multi-ethnic country. Miao soldier is builders and defenders of the Ming government. However, the rebellions and many nuisance violations which appeared in the process of ordering to request, It had brought enormously loss and damage to the Ming government and the southeast coast people. To a certain extent, Miao soldiers are the destroyer of the Ming dynasty. |
