A Study On The Predicate-complement Structure In Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan

Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan was created in the mid-nineteenth century, the late Qing Dynasty. This period was in the later stage of the development of pre-modern Chinese, and gradually transition to modern Chinese. In this period, the development and change of the predicate complement structure showed some historical characteristics. Relying on exhaustive statistical data, we described the predicate-complement structure in Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan by classifying them into five categories according to the meaning of the complement: “resultative complement”, “directional complement”, “descriptive complement”, “potential complement” and “degree complement”. Then detailed descripted and analyzed respectively.The introduction part, mainly stated the study of the predicate complement structure and Ernv Yingxiong Zhuan, then explained some related questions.Chapter one divided the structure into bonding type and combination type depending on whether the structure with structural particle “de” or “ge”. The “VC(O)” and “Vde(O)” forms predominated in bonding type, while the “VOC” form greatly reduced, which were often used with the passive and disposal constructions. Combination type had two forms: “VdeC” and “VgeC”. As the “Vde(O)” form conflicted with potential complement in the structure and form, the “VdeC” form conflicted with descriptive complement in the structure and form, they were much less in quantity compared to other types.Chapter two divided the structure into five parts: tend to justice, the result of justice, the state-defined, “VdeC” actualization complement, “Vde C” possible complement. From the viewpoint of its form, compound directional complement with objects usually appeared in “VC1OC2” form. The emergency of “VC1C2O” form, which began to appear in the Ming Dynasty, was still relatively low in this period. “VjiangC” form had declined and “VleC” form had been consisted increased. “VdeC” form mainly expressed possible meaning, while actualization was less used. Among them, actualization were all affirmative forms, possible meaning were mostly negative forms, the most common form was “VNegC(O)”.Chapter three focused on the nature and characteristics of descriptive complement. Compared with resultative complement, description is an important function of descriptive complement. Therefore complement forms many kinds of phrases with different forms. The descriptive complement had been developed in this period, and its usage had no difference compared to the modern Chinese.Chapter four subdivided the structure to two forms: “Vde(O)” and “VdeC”. In this kind of complement, the occurrence frequency of the negative forms was much higher than the affirmative forms. In general, the affirmative was based on the context, and the negative was more out of the context.Chapter five focused on the complements with high degree. We divided them into two parts: one with “de” and another without “de”. These complements are mostly still in use today, and the usage between today and that time is basically the same.In general, during this period, the predicate complement structure showed a stable trend, and more similar to the modern Chinese.