The Study Of Revenue And Corvee In Shanbei During The Ming Dynasty

The economic base determines the superstructure, that makes the economic issues been a very popular topic.Why could the Ming dynasty last in two hundreds and seventy-six years.The answer was it owns the particular feature in the way of economic. The revenue was the main source of the national finance.So revenue and corvee system played an important role in the national economic policy.The revolution of revenue and corvee system in the Ming dynasty made a great difference of this dynasty and later generations.So the operation of central government revenue and corvee system system depends on the local sectors service system.The central government is composed by a variety of local sectors.So it is necessary to make a study of revenue and corvee system about the current situation of the local sectors.In the Ming dynasty shaanxi reached a major scales atlas, yellow of the records on the basis of the number of population and land. Kanden folk-land collection standard is not the same, but the sentences in shanbei region, general kanden with folk-land statistics. But in terms of population statistics, reflect some of the official data show that the Ming government cannot be updated timely and effective population, such as hongzhi to jiajing demographic data was nearly unchanged. This is also planted on Hong Kong’s certain drawbacks. Tax amount, the offspring early years of the Ming dynasty zhu yuanzhang set taxes has not how to increase, "around the tax norm once become a custom, became a sizzling tax, never make fundamental adjustment". This doesn’t seem that taxes should be heavy, but in fact because of the local natural environment and the government each year of additional taxes will be levied by any other means to send to the people. Taxes are indeed bearing.Land tax revenue management, mainly is the value of transport, warehousing, and of shipment and remain, big policy changes have cabinet records of zhang juzheng wanli period a whip, let all of the land tax and tax is classified as a kind of attachment value, and in silver, it is greatly reduce the workload of tax collection and management of the government, of course can also be for the court to reduce additional expense. A whip method with the method of measurement of land tax accounting, make less of the burden on farmers, and had a lot of the tax, the upper echelons of the field to a certain extent reflects the fair. Or silver taxes, provide farmers with more selective, slightly rich farmers can pay more to avoid expedition servitude, have more time engaged in agricultural production, liberated the productive forces, promote the development of agriculture, increase the government revenue, a whip method for a booth in the qing dynasty ding into mu laid a certain foundation, the qing emperor kangxi period, according to the local tax significantly more than the wanli period, the Ming dynasty to the qing dynasty after Wan Linian population also increased in shanbei region, this and the government’s relief policies such as breeding never add endowed with certificates. Land tax collection methods ecru and folding color, color is fixed on each year.Corvee and burden of the servants, the Ming dynasty to the majority of shaanxi, recuperat is also very developed, special geographical environment and northwest was vassal palace path, yi tasks more frequently, because of the war, war over Fielding and set up all the corvee also very frequent. Because a lot of people can’t afford and escape, related the corvee tax is affected. To total amount is not affected, the Ming rulers often take "compensate" policy, the escape door should pay the taxation and pass on to the people do not escape door, fu poor frontal qiling still according to the original amount then, in this way, the number of the escaping families and is directly proportional to the service of the escaping families bear. The increasing of the escaping families also to the late Ming dynasty shaanxi population flow produced a certain influence. By taxing derived Liang Chang officer who skimp on the people in the late Ming, corruption and fu, the harm of local politics, local cement produce certain and influence. Also due to military spending, in shanbei region, this paper makes the commercial market in the mid-ming period with a certain degree of development, in his town already has fixed professional commodity market area, is the famous city of hongshan,the north of Yulin.In recent years, many people are emphasized that the service in shaanbei was overweight during the Ming dynasty. In that way,whether the service is overweightor,is the main purport of this paper.Shaanbei is located in Huang Tu highland.its service was keeping consist with the central government,at the same time,it had the its own feature because of the different geographical environment.This paper describes the land tax, household tax, salt tax and corvee and how to levy and collect taxes.And it makes an analysis of the featurs and problems about what is said above.