A Study Of The Ideological Education Of Rural Women In Shanxi During The Anti—Japanese War

After Wayaopao conference in 1935, the CPC gradually shifted their focus of the Anti-Japanese War to Shanxi, striving to build the anti Japanese national united front in Shanxi and mobilize the most extensive social people to fight against Japanese, among whom, rural women was one of the important force that could not be ignored. However, rural women were severely suffered by feudal ethics morals who had backward thinking, narrow sense and lacked in the state national consciousness. They were the group which was mostly persecuted by the "four rights". Because of the traditional ideological education, the thought of rural women has been seriously enslaved and they pursued the ethic norms of the “three obediences and the four virtues" and was lack of struggle,revolutionary and self liberation spirit. The concept of the feudal sex caused the formation of the serious enslavement awareness of rural women and it was one of the difficulties in Ideological Education of rural women. Furthermore, most rural women are illiterates, so their ideological and cultural level lagged and comprehensive quality was low, which impeded their acceptance of new knowledge and new ideas and was another obstacle to enlighten the ideological of rural women. All of these posed a serious challenge for the Communist Party to carry out the ideological education of rural women in the period of Anti-Japanese War while at the same time it also brought an unprecedented opportunity for the Communist Party.As the aphasiac in history, the ideological state of rural women at that time can only be studied by methods of conversation, reference to historical data and so on. Collecting a large number of historical data, using the combination of history and literature analysis methods, based on the understanding of rural women’s thoughts during Anti Japanese War, aiming at the characteristics of rural women that they had serious enslaving thing, was lack of revolt consciousness, independentconsciousness and revolutionary thought and their ideological was difficult to be enlightened and cultural quality was low, taking political education as the perspective, this papers make a study of some means applied by the Communist Party to emancipate rural women’s mind including making policies to provide a legal basis and security for them, carrying out a formal school education and literature propaganda which was favored by rural women and so on. In the efforts of the Communist Party, rural women were gradually changed in many aspects. In the aspect of economic, the Communist Party helped rural women to set up independent consciousness, which can provide the material support for them; in the aspect of family, the Communist Party focused on the reformation of the marriage concept; in the aspect of politics, the Communist Party aimed at cultivating the participation and management consciousness, which provided politic guarantee for the emancipation of rural women’s personality; in the aspect of culture, they aimed at improving the cultural quality,which offered a spiritual pillar for the enlightenment of rural women’s thought. By the use of logic and inductive analysis, the study find that the ideological education of rural women in Shanxi during the Anti Japanese War creats some positive role,it is helpful to arouse the patriotic consciousness,improve the level of ideological consciousness of rural women, enrich Marx’s feminist theory and so forth. However, there are still some disadvantages including the education of rural women is too revolutionary and political, has a serious male tendency and is lack of subject consciousness, etc.But on the whole, the ideological education of rural women during Anti-Japanese War has a positive significance in solving such ideological problems as that the subject consciousness of woman is weak, the gender consciousness of them lags, political consciousness is poor, marriage concept is not clear and so on. In the light of it, several lessons have been concluded in the following from the perspective of ideological education. First, we should pay attention to the vital interests of rural women based on the spirit of "people oriented". Second, we should innovate education form, take full advantage of mass media such as the television, Internet, WeChat and so forth, and establish a two-way communication platform to carry out education according to the specific problems of rural women. Third,we shall establish systemic and high level women’s work teams to lay the foundation for the sustainable development of women’s ideological education. Forth, we need to improve the cultural skills of rural women and apply modern educational methods such as psychological counseling to provide effective suggestions for solving the complex ideological problems of rural women in today’s society, thus providing an ideological guarantee for the construction of newsocialist countryside.