The Research Of Huanwei Officer In The Song

Song Huanwei from the Tang Dynasty "South Ya" Sixteen inherited from David, has little change in the name and on the preparation, but after the creation and development of the Five Dynasties Shiweisi and Dianqiansi, the scope of Huanwei officerss getting smaller and smaller. After the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, San Ya is completely replaced Tang "North-South Ya" Jinjun status, Song Huanwei officers missing functions. However, since the Song Dynasty, Huanwei officers has been kept without waste. This is not only inherited the Tang ritual system about that Zhuwei Yiwei still bear the instrument functions retinue of convention and Lu Bu, but also since the early Northern Song Dynasty in order to avoid repeating the mistakes of the Five successive replacement, to close local military governors military power in central, besides the high official position of Huanwei and well-paid high dignitaries, so placement Huanwei officers became military governor honors the best official position. In the Song Dynasty,Huanwei officers has evolved in three phases:clan grant, generals, other relatives, surrender monarch and Fan Yi, to Zhenzong, Renzong, Shenzong dynasties constantly correct and improve the Inheritance system of clan, so that Huanwei is becoming a model for the official clan grant officers. Finally, during the Southern Song emperor Xiaozong renewed Huanwei officers system, changing the practice since the Shenzong period granted only clan of Huanwei, not only re-awarded the minister Huanwei officers, and imitate civil officials "Guan Ge", using Huanwei as military officers reserve talented people place. This is not only showed the South Song "militancy" concept, but also promoted the development of military officers "Dai Zhi" system. Furthermore, in the Chinese dynasties in bureaucracy, bureaucracy of Song particularly complex. From the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty Official level and job separation system, to Shenzong period Yuan Feng Official System, and from Huizong reform the Wu Xuan official name in the second year of Zhenghe, to the Southern Song Dynasty Ji Lu official system perfecting Overall, the evolution of ministry officers from San Guan, Jie Guan, Ge Zhi, Chai Qian to Ji Lu,Dai Zhi, Zhi Shi. Therefore, the Song official system is actually from the four factors to simplified three factors system. But in such a long process, the Huanwei has not changed much. In the early Northern Song Dynasty official separate system, Huanwei neither San Guan and Jie Guan, nor real job of Chai Qian, even Yuan Feng officers system and reform the Wu Xuan official name in the second year of Zhenghe did not incorporated Huanwei into the rank of Ji Lu, and it’s function as same as Jue and Xue, this is also the special role of Huanwei officers decision. From the initial placement of military governor, and clan inheritance, it is because of the Huanwei officers has high postion but no job, this is not only show the generosity of the rulers, and has no effect on politics. Therefore, whether separate officers system or Yuanfeng officers system, the Huanwei is a unique factor of their official system. Until the Southern Song emperor Xiaozong renewed Huanwei officers system, set the Huanwei again, and imitate civil officials "Guan Ge", using Huanwei as military officers reserve talented people place. that makes Huanwei formally included military officers system of "Dai Zhi". And from the formal sense, the military officers’ Huanwei as same as civi officers’ Tiezhi, both of them has respected status and promoted faster. So, from a certain level, the Southern Song Dynasty of Xiaozong to reform Huanwei officers gives new meaning to it.Further, the evolution of Zhuwei officers from the Tang and Song, we can also find out the development of the ancient monarchy centralized system, with the generation system of "Shizhi", the generals loses function, the Zhihuishi replaces the previous generals who command the soldiers, and the military power was firmly in the hands of the emperor, it also reflects the Song Dynasty in transition from a centralized to autocracy in ancient China, so the Huanwei officers has become one of the representatives in the Song of centralization. And the development of military officers system of Huanwei, it’s further indication of Huanwei not only for the national reserve military talents, and enhance the national force, but also to rethink. In a sense of the past by scholars identified Song "heavy paper light weapons," state policy, coupled with the lack of Huanwei in the past academic circles Song sufficient attention, and often noted in civil officers in the Song only "Guanzhi" while ignoring military officers "Huanwei" exists. this is also led to still Song "heavy paper light weapons," the view to a certain extent. Huanwei as military officers reserve talented people place, it’s not only represents there are also special places in the military officers system similar with civil officers’"Daizhi", and the establishment of Huanwei also reflects the importance of the military rule of the emperor, more importantly, the means of maintaining imperial power, it’s whether emperor or ministers are still talked about "ancestral meaning" since the Song Dynasty.