Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of Tongcheng School Character

Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty is one of the largest literary genre known as "Qing Dynasty literary chief." Tongcheng School Number of characters than a thousand people, distributed in nineteen provinces from Tongcheng Tongcheng School in the last three ancestral to scholars, the duration of up to two hundred years, long duration, and its people from the central to local officials, the governor of the Governor, then to College Chairs, Tongcheng School people have an extremely important impact on the history of the Qing Dynasty. However, due to historical reasons, Tongcheng School has been subjected to unfair treatment, was banished as "Tongcheng absurd kind of no change for a long time after the founding. In recent decades, the views of Tongcheng Group becoming more rational, Tongcheng School research direction is gradually increasing, but also a lack of systematic combing and overall figures analyzed Tongcheng Group figures.This paper attempts from the overall perspective of the characters in the distribution of Tongcheng school at different times, in order to better see Tongcheng School of the origin, development and decline. The thesis is divided into four chapters, each chapter will now be summarized as follows:introduction. The main topic of this article to clarify the causes and significance, review the results of the academic research literature on history and geography, and the status of Tongcheng School character study; at the same time the nature and origins of Tongcheng School were defined, while the sources of information Discrimination. After Tongcheng School rethink study of Tongcheng Group increasing, organize information on the character of the theoretical study of Tongcheng School, such as the definition, classification, division can play a good supporting role; by constructing space-time distribution of Tongcheng School Scholars overall framework, a native of distribution, can build three-dimensional sense of Tongcheng School literary history and geography of space, able to later lay the foundation for the overall study of Tongcheng School; many people Tongcheng school wide distribution area, long duration, which makes Tongcheng School definition has been controversial, itself Tongcheng School "Tongcheng School", "Tongcheng School" and "Tongcheng Poetry" dispute different versions of the text inside the school also on the "Yang Lake School", "Xiangxiang School" and send a tribe or independent factions of the dispute, so that these disputes have been defined in full Tongcheng school controversial, but the real reason is because literature has generally faction "is defined fuzziness" and Tongcheng school in the presence of "ratification" is also exacerbated the difficulties to define. In this paper, the final choice of a "broad" and "narrow" the two standards, "generalized" Tongcheng standards for research. Source Tongcheng School figures mainly from Liu wood sound "Origin Tongcheng Literature/Compilation test," but the book there are some controversies and issues that need to be positive debate. The first chapter, relevant elements of temporal and spatial distribution character Tongcheng School Discussion. Research on spatial and temporal distribution characters need to confirm the two elements of time and space, in terms of time can be traced back early Qing Dynasty Tongcheng school elements on the characters, the next up to the late Qing Dynasty, according to the political, cultural and Tongcheng School itself, this article from three period:early Qing Qing Zhongqi, the late Qing Dynasty to study the character of the distribution of Tongcheng School:from the space element, the distribution of Tongcheng School character almost throughout the country, and distributed in different periods, provincial, prefecture or county government under the change has been great, so it is necessary to confirm a uniform standard, the paper take Jiaqing 25 years (1820), as this study political geography feature basis. The second chapter, characters Tongcheng School temporal distribution of the characters are in Tongcheng School chapter three historical periods:the early Qing Dynasty, and late middle of the Qing Qing, people have set basic information and sources of information, and in turn analyze the distribution of different periods of status and characteristics. The third chapter, changes in spatial and temporal distribution character Tongcheng School and features. Overall this chapter to resolve the distribution changes and characteristics in each period Tongcheng School task of the country, in general, it is originated in Tongcheng Tongcheng School, and gradually developed to the southeast, in late when it gradually spread to other regions; up from the geographical said that the south than the north, the east than the west, to the late stage before the formation of a new sub-center Tongcheng people in the north. Chapter IV, Epilogue:Rise in Tongcheng School in Tongcheng new to say. Why in Tongcheng Tongcheng School to produce a lot of discussion, the paper distribution figure in the early Qing to explore and analyze the reasons from Tongcheng Group. Tongcheng School appeared in Tongcheng, Tongcheng itself in addition to the advantages, the reason lies in the early Qing Dynasty three historical events:the Holocaust and early Qing Ming and early Qing Dynasty Adherents problem of southern culture of repression. These reasons make the country’s cultural center-the southern area (southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang North) lost the ability to undertake the classical theory, and Tongcheng seized the opportunity, finally produced the greatest literary school of the Qing Dynasty-Tongcheng school. Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty’s largest literary genre, is a national genre, but from the point of view of each period, the most important is the distribution of Tongcheng School in the southeast region; moreover, Tongcheng School emergence, development and stability and the decline of the Qing Dynasty, and the peak in line with the demise of the period, both "a prosperity, a loss for both sides," so when the Qing dynasty, Tongcheng School will soon be excluded, ultimately accused of "Tongcheng absurd kind."...