Negotiations Between China And Japan Around Hirota’s Three Principles Of The National Government’s Decision

Many concise history in the 30 years of the 20th century to describe the history of Sino Japanese relations, after the "September 18 Incident" and direct description "77" and the war of resistance against Japan, it seems like a Japanese after the "September 18 Incident" immediately instigated an all-out war of aggression against China, not knowing from 1931 to 1937 the six years of time in Sino Japanese relations described the ups and downs. "September 18 Incident" occurred, between China and Japan does not have the conditions for full-scale war, not only from the international relations considerations or from the point of view of military combat readiness, and to the 1937, continue friction between China and Japan, war imminent, the process experienced six years of brewing.After the nine one eight incident, the Sino Japanese relations have entered a trough, but the two sides did not give up the use of peaceful means to resolve the contradiction between the two countries. Especially Koki Hirota after he came into power, he continued to China to release goodwill signal proposed "union diplomacy", aimed at improving relations with China. Jiang Jieshi saw the hope of peace talks, and made a positive response, he published in the "diplomatic review", "the enemy? Friends? -- Sino Japanese Relations Review "a text, the paper discusses the history of Japan relations based on, calling on both countries to change the status quo, to break the deadlock, adjusting the relationship, to return to the normal track, he inspired Ambassador Jiang Zuobin to Japan put forward three principles of adjustment of diplomatic" Sino Japanese relations. " However, when facing Japan China put forward specific problems and requirements, tear the mask of "goodwill", turned to put pressure on China. Japan not only did not on the three principles of Sino Japanese relations, the number of discussions, but to China’s Hiroda Mi principle, and asked the Chinese side to accept.The specific content of the three principles of simple summary, is the economic support and common prevention and recognition of puppet regime in Manchuria. Japan set the premise is that China only accept the "Hiroda Mi principle", will be in peace talks with china. At this time, North China situation is not optimistic, Japan has instigated "the North China Incident" and the "North China Autonomy" movement, so in the beginning of the "three principles" negotiations, China is already in a disadvantageous position. However, China didn’t give up hope through peace talks to achieve results, by Wang Chong Hui, Jiang Zuobin, Qun has with Japan to start negotiations, the negotiations around the core problem is "Hiroda Mi principle", although many times representations without direct reference to the Hiroda Mi principle", but discussion of specific problems, such as" common anti joint "and" northern China problem "and is" Hiroda Mi principle "directly or indirectly involved in the problem, so it can be classified as part of the" three principles "negotiations."Three principles" negotiations can be roughly divided into three stages. First stage for October 7,1935 Koki Hirota formally to Jiang Zuobin put forward "three principles" to October 21 Chiang as Penn to respond to the Japanese government and the second stage for December 1935 Zhang group served as Minister of foreign affairs began to transfer the entire Sino Japanese relations to February of the next year and the Japanese ambassador Arita Yaro talks, the third stage for September 1936 to November Zhang Qun and Ambassador Kawagoe Shigeru many talks. The "three principles" negotiations lasted one year and zero or one months, the negotiations ended with the final rupture. In the first stage, China needs to Japan first accept China put forward the "three principles of Sino Japanese relations", will be considered and Japan "three principles" to negotiate, and Japan requires to "three principles" as the basis for the adjustment of China Japan relations, although mutual crasher, but governments hope can solve the problem by peaceful means. The second stage, foreign minister Zhang Qun in the Fifth National Congress of the Kuomintang and the second plenum of the fifth session of the proposed foreign policy under the guidance, adhere to the principle of the inviolability of the sovereignty, expanded deal with Japan, during this period, Japan, have been planning the "North China Incident" and the "North China Autonomy" movement, Chinese understanding to Japan not huge aggressive ambition and began to consciously through negotiations stall Japan to prepare for the upcoming war. To discuss the specific content of the third stage, the two sides on the "three principles", but because China has determined the principle of the inviolability of the sovereignty, and "three principles" each are more or less damage the sovereignty of China, so when talking about specific issues, double side or not dispute, final breakdown of the talks is expected.It is worth noting that in China to prepare for war, the Japanese army also gradually grasp the political situation in Japan, "226" after the incident, military in politics and diplomacy of Japan have more right to speak, and Koki Hirota step by step to promote Japanese militarism of, between China and Japan reached hope of a reconciliation is getting smaller and smaller, and war, closer and closer. Obviously, the day is not in the "nine one eight incident to war, but many rounds of the contest at the negotiating table, also have talks to solve the contradiction of fantasy. During the period of Japan’s invasion of China’s general policy did not change, only in the form of different, "September 18 Incident" is through the use of force, "three principles" is to negotiate, and China has the biggest change is the national government to Japan’s attitude and policy, "September 18" incident, the national government to take the humiliation of compromise and concessions policy. In "three principles" negotiations after the start, in the face of more aggressive ambitions, China began to take a tough stance, again, "the North China Incident" and "North China Autonomy" movement as a catalytic agent, China’s attitude more hard, did not concede, would not hesitate to and Japanese war.