| In the roaring discourses of post-structuralism times, the theory of Gilles Deleuze, the famous contemporary philosopher in France, is broad and profound. The discussion of literature in Deleuze is colorful, but complex. For most readers in China, the philosophical concepts behind the literary criticism are abstract and obscure, hard to understand, let alone making literary criticism with these concepts. Throughout Deleuze’s works on literature, it is found that he pays more attention to the issue of literature and life. The most important literary work Essays Critical and Clinical is still truly empty in the horizon of domestic scholars.This paper takes Essays Critical and Clinical as the essential text to research guided by the literary nature of life and the ultimate goal of health. From symptomatology to schizoanalysis, taking philosophy of life and semiotics for the perspective, it tries to construct clearly Deleuze’s Symptomatic Literature Criticism. Moreover, based on the analysis of the situation on Deleuze’s study at home and abroad, Deleuze’s thoughts and Deleuze’s literary viewpoints, there are four chapters in the thesis followed by "The Critical and the Clinical——a Project", "The Great Authors", "The Great Texts" and the relationship between "Symptoms and Politics".It is not a new issue that there is essential and reasoned relationship between art and medicine. Deleuze’s "critical and clinical" needs to trace a pathological path-Freud-Lacan-Althusser, which begins with psychoanalysis. Empiricism starts with analyzing the states of things, and the states of things are multiplicities. The connection is significant in a multiplicity. The connection means broken and blockage, that is the symptom, and means multiplicity, that is the multiplicity of life. Deleuze explores the meaning of the virtual which is different from the potential, constructing the nature of life, and combines the philosophy of life of Nietzsche and Bergson, updating the sense of health.The great author is a physician, the physician of himself and of the world. The world is the set of symptoms; the author becomes the expert of symptomatology. Authors’choice of writing is choosing a way to die. It is death that reflects the greatness of authors and works and creates the "possibility of life". Just when the work is finished by author, the work is dead, but "with the mission of growing".Under the influence of Pierce’s semiotics on pluralism, Deleuze blasts away at the "arbitrary" of the signifier, emphasizing the process of the sign operation and the flows of language. Under the influence of the clinical medicine of Foucault, Deleuze argues that the symptom and the disease are no longer interpreted by abstract medical knowledge. In literature, the forms of symptom are signs and the lines of flight of language. According to these, creating the minor use in mother tongue, repeated or baroque language with intensity and stuttering are the features on language symptoms of three great works for Deleuze.Finally, the power of the author is not only individual power. Changing the language is changing the world. "People to come" pushes the literature into bio-politics. The capitalist heroes of desire break through the bondage of rationality saying the resistance to the regime. Therefore, literature is the enterprise of health. |
