The Influence Of Soviet Realistic Paintings On Chinese Art In The Second Half Of The 20th Century

Cultural exchange, especially the exchange of achievements in fine arts, is the main form of communication between all ethnic groups of people. It is also an effective means of achieving mutual understanding and friendship among nations. Painting is one of the important mean of fine arts and is also known as a language that can be accessible by audience and contributes to a deeper understanding of a culture of any nation. In this work we have discussed the influence of Russian realistic art in Chinese art. The art exchange experience between China and Russia is rooted in the distant past. Penetration of Russian fine art in China began in the XVIII century, but then it did not have a noticeable effect on the Chinese closed national cultural traditions. At the beginning of the XX century, due to the integrative processes in the world, China was forced to open its closed borders for many centuries, and to integrate into the world community. Russian art itself is a combination of Eastern and Western painting cultural heritage, so relatively it’s close to the Chinese people. Although Russia is not the same philosophical principles of painting, but the basic: reality of painting, including attention to details, subtle colors and humanist themes is very similar to Chinese art. Revolutionary art of the Soviet Union was demanded by Chinese people that were fighting for the independence. After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, Soviet creative and critical method of "socialist realism" was adopted as the basis of artistic policy in the country(becoming mainstream art direction). Under the influence of the Russian academic art school, which was carried out through the activities of the Russian artist and teacher Maximov at the Central Academy of Fine Arts of China, through educating Chinese artists at Repin St. Petersburg State Academy Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture China has formed a new national artistic method "new era of realism", which is a synthesis of Russian realistic painting method and the Chinese traditional art technique. In such a way, we can say that Soviet art fundamentally influenced the development of Chinese art.