| With the rapid development of industrial civilization since the 20th century, it has not only created the material civilization, improved the people’s living standard, pushed forward the society, but also it has brought serious harm to the environment:causing air, water and other kinds of pollution.In this period,Ecological Ethics within the scope of international development quick, mainly focusing on the ethic between human and environment from the human’s ethic, causing the evolution on the Environment Ethics. Peter Singer, American and Australia ethicist, is an outstanding scholar in this period. He discarded the western traditional opinion and brought much social contention. Singer’s ideology defense mainly based on the principles of classical utilitarianism and principles of interests equality.Singer believes that "the ability to be the standard to get the feeling of identity and moral concern." Animals and humans have the same feel-able. So animals should have the same moral status of human beings, human beings should be equal treatment to all animals. Singer advocates the prohibition on animal experiments, he believes that this behavior belongs to species discrimination, it proves that the experimental personnel sadism and shows the human institutionalized discrimination attitude. Questions about the killing, Singer divides the "human being" into "member of species Homo-sapiens" and "person" .Don’t think that all the values of life are the same. The value of "person" is higher than the others. In his view, some human are even better than the gorilla’s life, leading to a life lightly and the theory of the "landslide theory". About suffering from serious disability or disease of the fetus, newborn baby can implement euthanasia views, Singer ignores the fetus and newborn baby as potential adult status, ignoring the human body non self consciousness to self consciousness, he doesn’t take the stage of human development as a whole continuous. On environmental justice issues, Singer believes the world’s non-environmental justice widespread phenomenon, mainly in the environmental justice kinds of interpersonal justice between man and animal. To solve "interpersonal justice", the key is in the dominant position within a given value of animals. It proves the "environmental justice" issues between people, must follow the universal interests moral principle, to analyze the problems of environmental justices from the moral intuition and rational criticism, and humans need to follow the principle of the equality and maximum happiness principle.Based on the above points,it can be seen that Peter Singer’s theories are standing in animals to nature as the logical starting point, the idea is obviously wrong, which seriously devalues the "human being" dominant position, digestion of the "human being" concept. Bite a human heart and affection. Ecological Ethics of Singer about "human being" has some limitations, digestion of human subjectivity, negative people practicality. Emphasize the natural resistance, contrary to human sociality. Preach human emotional, ignoring human rational. Emphasis human biological, denying people’s class. This inevitably makes his view of human nature into the abstract and absurd extreme situation. Therefore, we should adhere to the philosophy of practical materialism route to know the object of the relationship between humans and nature, and thus subject to grasp the value of ecological ethics is only be human, insisting on the people-oriented. |
