A Study On The Heguanzi Political Thought

"Heguanzi" is an ill-fated masterpiece. It has deep thoughts, heterogeneous contents, and a variety of versions. So of all ages, there are more people who have negative attitudes to this book then people who have positive attitudes. For instance, Han Yu from Tang Dynasty have denied its existence, Song Lian from Ming Dynasty had demonstrated its authenticity, and two contemporary scholars Huang Huaixin and Li Xueqing maintains positive attitude to this book. The excavation of "Huang Lao Bo Shu" and "Guo Dian Chu Jian" have ignited the climax of the research of "Heguanzi"He Guanzi have read lots of books and he is excellent in martial arts. However,he do not want to merge into the dark politics of ruling house, thus not being appreciated by the monarch, Angrily, left for Zhao, then he hide in a mountain, delivered his skills to his adherents and ended up in Zhao. The earliest description of He guanzi is "A man from Chu who live in mountains and use a kind of bird as his hat." He Guanzi live in late Warring States period, which equals to the period from King Xiaocheng to King Xiang, namely the time of King Xiang of Chu and King Kaolie. His time is the important transitional period from imitation of nature to imitation of system and the key transitional time of the view from Dao the unique to spirit the unique, obviously the discouse upon "Tao" and "Spirit" is in line with the Taoism. He Guanzi have a more comprehensive thoughts to many aspects, such as Taoism, military, politics, the rule of law and so on. Besides, he proposed many thoughts politically, legally and officially, i.e. people-oriented thought, use Taoism to control the ideology of the legal system and use people according to their talents.In "Heguanzi", the main body of humanistic ideology is Taoism. and it adopted various ideological essence of Confucianism and Mohist military strategy and tactics. Generally speaking, humanistic ideology includes two parts, that is, the individual humanity and the general public humanity. Faced up with the unpredictable world, He Guanzi decisively adopted the value orientation of "People the foremost". Throughout the humanistic ideology reflects that He Guanzi recognize the value of people, particularly reverence for life, and the respect for talents, which value to people’s attention. He Guanzi is different from Lao Zi who is otherworldly and return to the doctrine of nature, he stands for active personnel selection, given the right treatment, advocates going in to the world actively. The statement "Si Ji Wu Zhi," puts man in the height with the universe. He suggests the rulers to classify the talents and respect them, and love people. Besides, they should select people extensively and put them in right places for maximum effect. the "Cheng Jiu ruling clan" which is strongly recommended in "He Guanzi" requires the sovereign to love his people and close to them, and "Jiudao theory" is the way to achieve this goal, what’s more, it’s the tips and lashing for the rulers. In Heguanzi ideal social system called" Cheng Jiu ruling clan" mentioned above, the monarch should break the forbidden zone which is "punishment is not the officials", take the officials’diligence and honesty as the stable safeguards and keep in mind that if he loves his people and country, the nation will exist for a long time. the monarch should have strong ability politically and he should pay attention to the role of the military force in the country.Huanglao political thought of "Inaction" thrived in the early Han Dynasty, and it created the first peak in China’s feudal society called "Wen Jing ruling". "Heguanzi" views that law is the external manifestation and derivative of Tao. So taking the concept " manage state affairs according to law " as a Taoist inaction implement the rule is the inevitable choice road. In ideological orthodoxy require law to comply with peole and the emotion. of reason, which will ultimately to move closer to the demand of becoming a good law. Heguanzi the legislation contains three meanings, that the laws of nature, take the opportunity to be the law, the monarch to be the center of the governance structure. To get the world, the monarch should get the support of the excellence and educate them, using values such as loyalty and righteousness for enlightenment, and grasping the essence of the people. Furthermore, he should combine which with the concept of yin, yang and four seasons in selecting talents and train them using Taoism. In short, the monarch should use Taoism while selecting and training talents.Chu regime modeled on he guanzi,which is a carefully planned "days song art" blueprint for the social system, actually it is a kind of classification management of administrative mechanisms. Apital management at different levels, the officials carry out their duties, most important feature is the whole social system organized and responsibilities. In practical activity in heaven and to define the responsibilities of officials, Organize society as a whole.He Guanzi insisted shangxian enabled Government principles, attention to the selection and training of officials.Monarch must also have notices, determination, difficult drive and shielding calumny, and distinguish between loyalty and wisdom.Essentials of managing State Affairs is "yongxian", the talented is a necessary precondition for realizing social stability,"Wise men don’t, became to the country’s benefit".The main Ways of HeGuanzi employing is "Letting people out rewards and punishments, heavy moral, wise"While the employer must also adhere to the "blog selection", the use of talents and, based on the character considering the talent.Warn personnel to have the wisdom of the world, grasp the "know", "when"and "intimate knowledge", note that in troubled times and save himself.Education on human nature and society has an important role.In a word,The official ideology of the HeGuanzi to blog selected on the basis of talent all pay attention to the maximum.From humanity, calling on rulers to respect talents.To give full play to role of education for personnel training.These are in line with the situation in warring States period unified, positive suggestions for national unity and making the necessary political consensus for unification.But throughout Chinese history it is not difficult to find,He guanzi thought represented the learning of Huang-Lao, with its unique character, always boasts the ability early in the dynasty started,founder of dynasties always consciously or unconsciously practice the theory of governing. Zhen Guan Wei Zheng Xian Chen once said"doing nothing but and German."Can see the learning of Huang-Lao’s role in previewing, and restoring production and reduce the burden on people notable.But since learning of Huang-Lao alone cannot solve the Central separation of powers issues due to dispersion of feudal economy, reform will gradually be abandoned in the later dynasty.