Study On The Format Of "V De/bu Lai"

The predecessors generally divided the structure into two categories. One kind is verb-complement structure,such as “qing de/bu lai”, “mai de/bu lai”, “chu de/bu lai” etc.The other kind have a tendency of fossilization and a nature of idioms, such as “he de/bu lai”, “chi de/bu lai”, “hua de/bu lai” and so on. At present, the academic cicles did not pay too much attention to this structure. In this paper, the structure will be treated as a format,we will have a In-depth study of its component members, grammalization, the level of integration, dissymmetry phenomena.First, we mainly studies the various components of the format “V de/bu lai”. The verbs which can enter into the format are mostly monosyllabic, and have dynamicand autonomous semantic features. According to their nature, they can be classified as action verb, directional verb and a small part of causative verb. “De/bu” are particle. “lai”sometimes means tendency, sometimes means complement.Second, we research the grammalization of the format. It accomplish its formation in Song dynasty, and developed to mature after that. Its constituent parts “de” gradually evolving from the original meaning of “access” to the meaning of potential. “lai”evolving from “tendency” to “accomplishment”. Metaphor and metonymy is their grammalization mechanism. The entire format transform from potential complements to result complement. It mainly be impacted by imperfective context, and often be seen in rhetorical questions.Third, we use Conceptual Blending Theory to analysis and categorize the format of "V get / do not come". According to the difference of syntactic function and semantics between the component “V” and “lai” and combined with the overall meaning of theformat, it can be divided into 4 levels, that is low level, the second low level, the second high level, the high level. These four correspond to 4 types, that is “chu de/bu lai”, “mai de/bu lai”, “zuo de/bu lai”, “he de/bu lai”. We also use Grammalization Theory and Cognitive Theory to analysis its blending mechanism. Section three of this chapter began to analysis syntactic function, semantics and pragmatics of the four different types of “V de/bu lai”.In the end, we found the affirmative and negative form of the format are dissymmetric in the frequency of use, the structure style and syntax of distribution. This paper explain them in four aspects which are origin and grammalization, semantic background, the restriction of the potential category and markedness.