The Research For The Geographical Distribution Of The Li-Jia System In Baxian County Of Qing Dynasty

The local administration system is one of the important part for the research for historical administrative division. The organization form of political power lower than the county level and social administration method are in varied forms in Qing Dynasty. And the local administration system has become one of the hot topic of the administrative division research in the recent years,including the Li-Jia system. In the previous researches,it is the research object that the organization forms,the corvee method and personnel selection,etc,and the research for the geographic information recorded in the Li-Jia system is rarely involved.In this way,this paper focus on the Baxian county after Qianlong 24th year of Qing Dynasty as the research object,briefly introducing the social background and organization form of the Li-Jia system in Baxian county firstly,and then working out the geographic reach of Baxian county in Qing Dynasty in the method of point-to-curve by the textual research for the related local chronicles and local records. After that,as per the record of the county annals,archives and the historical material of family tree in Qing Dynasty,the textual research is conducted for the toponyms recorded in "the gazetteer of Baxian county of Sichuan province" and the current toponyms, in which way,recovering the record for toponyms of the related Li-Jia in the historical material,then revealing the achieved information by map. The scope of recovery includes the rest region of Baxian county after separating out Jiangbeiting and Bishan county, including four Jia of Ren Li,three Jia of Xiang Li,and each ten Jia of Jie Li, Lian Li,Zhong Li,Xiao Li, Ci Li, Chi Li, Zhi Li, Zheng Li, total seventy-seven Jia of Ten Li,in the end,the geographical distribution of various Li& Jia in Baxian county in Qing Dynasty is achieved. From the recovered map,the division of Li-Jia still complies with the two major principles of administrative division that following the natural geographic pattern and interlocking with each other.In addition, it could be easily found out during the process of sorting to ponym information that, the function of the Li-Jia system in Qing Dynasty has changed to be geographic, further, the Li-Jia system has become the fixed administrative division lower than the county level,which is distinguish from the original organization form of the Li-Jia system. Whether based on the record of the local chronicles,or based on the original record of the archival data of Baxian county of ancient government,it could be easily found out that the Li-Jia system in Baxian county did not extinct because of the imlementation of the Bao-Jia system. The Bao-Jia system was one important method to reassure people and reinstate the production in the grassroots political power. Most of the scholars of this domain believe that as the establishment of the Bao-Jia system,the Li-Jia system became useless day by day,eventually being replaced by the Bao-Jia system. However,the above-mentioned phenomenon did not appear apparently in Baxian county in Qing Dynasty. First of all,there are a large quantity of records for the chief of Li& Jia in Baxian county,with the content including the security administration,local government affairs,social enlightenment,etc,which shows that the Li-Jia system was not replaced,but playing a major role in the daily administration for the basic level. However,it is a undoubted fact that the establishment of the Bao-Jia system in Baxian county. But,from the existence of chief of Li& Jia and the administration level system that the chief of Li being in charge of the chief protector in this period,it could be found out that the operation method of the Li-Jia system in Baxian county of Qing Dynasty was distinguish from other regions,in which way,the theory that the Li-Jia system being replaced by the Bao-Jia system could not be fully applied in the related research in Baxian county in Qing Dynasty. Secondly,the organization of the Li-Jia system has changed to be one form of the administrative division with the geographic character,in which way,the positional record for the rivers, mountains, ponds, Mountain passes, etc were all conducted as per the Li-Jia social administration system,which shows that the Li-Jia system should be deemed as some kind of township lower than the county. The Li-Jia system remains long-run because of the geogra phic character, which also alleviate the conflict between the fixed boundary and the organization form based on the household and provision of the Li-Jia system.