Research On Military Status In Bianzhou Area In Tang Dynasty

Bianzhou located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, and convenient transportation, always been contested.However Bianzhou around the flat, no mountains and rivers can rely on, so it’s important position and congenital weak defense is contradictory, if not effectively solve this contradiction, no serious deployment in Kaifeng, then Bianzhou in military war can easily be rapidly overwhelmed, almost no protection. Bianzhou in Tang Dynasty is an external barrier of the east of the capital Luoyang, a transshipment hub in the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River grain, a supervision base Hebei separatist forces, there can be no negligence, therefore, Tang royal family’s increasing emphasis on military status Bianzhou, especially after the rebellion An Lushan and Shi Siming, not only regards Bianzhou region as the focus of the Central Plains military layout system, but also arranges Xuanwu Army in the Bianzhou to ensure the city’s safety and smooth of water transport.In the early Tang Dynasty, Tang royal family to follow the "Guanzhong-centric" guiding idea to build a " inner heavy,outside light" the national military layout, the country’s soldiers are mainly concentrated in the capital around,the southwest and northwest frontier regions, the Central Plains region is not as the focus of military defense. During this period, as a normal state in the Central Plains region, due to the relatively stable political in Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains region no large-scale war and unrest, Bianzhou’s military position is not outstanding.However Bianzhou still played a military role in defending the East Luoyang, transporting southern food, communicating the Hebei region and other aspects.With Fu-ping system is destroyed, the gradual emergence of a mercenary system, according to the national situation, the Tang rulers began to correctly adjust the country’s military deployment, the National Military layout gradually to the "inner light,outside heavy" change. This adjustment, although temporarily change played a historical role, in the latter part of the reign of the Emperor Xuanzong appeared malignant development momentum, the country’s military situation out of control, eventually led to " Anshi Rebellion".Rebellion broke the Tang Dynasty overall military strategic plan. When the central government of Tang Dynasty,and the rebels fight for Henan Road, Bianzhou area located in the forefront of the war, just in the center area of contention, to get the attention of both generals, became a hot spot of contention, the two sides successively in Sui, Yongqiu Nanyang, and elsewhere began the war. After several pros and cons of the Tang Dynasty in Bianzhou area, greatly influenced the war situation in Henan Road area.After the Rebellion, rival principalities forces gradually rise, the central and local powers began imbalance, Tang Dynasty central adjust the country’s macroeconomic military deployment system, focus on strengthening the military forces of the Central Plains region. Xing Yuan Dynasty (784), Xuanwu forces official stationed in the Bianzhou, Bianzhou gradually developed into a military and political center of the Central Plains region,holds the overall points of national economic lifelines,to defend the eastern capital of Luoyang, monitoring Hebei rival principalities, firmly in control of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River leading to the capital’s traffic, military status has improved.Military commissioner period, the Tang Dynasty central and local rival principalities separatist forces are in a fierce struggle, a core area of contention is the water transport line used to water transportation of transporting grain and these areas along the lifeline. And because the water transport reforms undertaken by Liu Yan, the Bian River became the Tang Dynasty central government’s economic lifeline, so, to compete along the Bian River’s Bianzhou is inevitable. In addition, Tang Dezong, Tang Shunzong, Tang Xianzong, Tang Mouzon four emperors in order to solve the problem disparate administrative, to restore central authority, the Military Governor respectively adopted different policies. Moreover, the central deployed in monitoring and balancing local rival principalities, protecting the water transport, Xuanwu town stationed in Bianzhou’s, as Central Anti-containment type rival principalities, the military center along the water transport line, played an important role in protecting the water transport, guarding two capitals as a barrier, controling Hebei region.Zhong He Dynasty (883), In March, Xizong granted Zhu Wen the Xuanwu military commissioner posts. In July, Zhu Wen arrived in Bianzhou, began a new era of Zhu Wen stationed Bianzhou. Zhu Wen stationed twenty-four years in Bianzhou, during which era, Tang Dynasty central forces can not intervene, can not carry out direct military adjusted in Bianzhou. Zhu Wen actively operated Bianzhou, regarded Bianzhou as his base areas, and initiated a lot of fighting, engaged in merger war. In this process, the advantages of Bianzhou, such a prime location, water transport hub of grain, convenient transportation have been fully exploited, there is a reciprocal relationship between Bianzhou’s security and Zhu Wen’s rising,Bianzhou laid a solid foundation for the success of Zhu Wen. In the reign of Zhu Wen, Bianzhou’s position in the Central Plains region even the whole country is always in a rising state. Hoi Ping Dynasty (907) in February, Zhu Wen abolished the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, took Bianzhou as the capital, build Later Liang Dynasty, then Bianzhou become the country’s capital.