The Study On The Auxiliary Words In "Mencius"

“Mencius” is a very valuable language material in middle warring states. Tostudy it is high value on ancient Chinese even the whole Chinese history. Study onparticles is one of the important contents in grammar study of ancient Chinese. Butthe previous’ study on particles is not enough. So it is very important to studyparticles in “Mencius”.There are four chapters in the paper.The first chapter is instruction that introduce the name, home of Menciusand who is he studied under, the general content and language study status of“Mencius”,signifcance of the paper, study methods, emphasis and difficulty.The second chapter divides particles into two parts, structural auxiliary andmodal particles according to the analysis of Yang bojun, He leshi.The third chapter describes and analyzes the structural auxiliary(之)(者)(所)(其)carefully.(之)has six uses, such as between the head words and modifiers,between the prepositional object and verb,between the subject and the predicate,between the subject and prepositional phrase, between the predicateandcomplement, between noun and (所) structure. The main function of (者)(所)is composed of noun phrases,but(者)structure and(所) structureare differentin word order and object. The main usage of (其) is placed after(如彼)(如此)(如是),Its usage is same as structural auxiliary (之).The fourth chapter describes and analyzes modal particles that begin, in, end thesentence and used together in “Mencius”. Modal particles (夫),(惟) that begin thesentences are mostly used in declarative sentences. Modal particles (也) that in thesentences is only used in declarative sentence. Modal particles(尔),(已),(耳) that endthe sentences are only used in declarative sentence.(夫),(兮) are only used inexclamatory sentences.(也) is the most frequently and widely used.(乎),(哉) aremainly used in retorting interrogatives, this is mainly related to the context. TheModal particles (而已矣)that used together is the most frequently used, but it is onlyused in declarative sentences.(云尔),(云乎),(乎哉),(也哉) are widely used, they canused in declarative sentences, special interrogatives, retorting interrogatives, yes-no questions,(矣),(夫)are only used in exclamatory sentences.