| ObjectiveChronic non-communicable diseases and nutrition survey was conducted, four kinds of priority populations of rural Nanjing Lishui district, under 18 years old group, women, the elderly, the disabled were included, and the present chronic diseases and nutrition correlated problems of these populations were analyzed and to investigate the regional priority people’s health status; Furthermore, comparing the results of chronic diseases prevalence investigations between Nanjing district and another investigate region (Shexian Heibei), to investigate the current situation and difference of chronic diseases prevalence and find the risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases of rural elderly group; Comparing the results of dietary survey and acquaint the basic dietary nutrition situations of elderly population in the two regions, and to investigate the relationships between diet and chronic non-communicable diseases. Looking for suitable lifestyle for health improvement of elderly groups in rural, and providing the evidence for promote the life quality of rural elderly group.Methods(1) Random cluster sampling method was used in the investigate regions, we distinguished the administrative town as sampling unit to carry out epidemiological investigation, finally,2499 questionnaires were completed, including 531 objects under 18 years old,719 women,176 Disabled,1073 elderly people in LiShui district; 708 data from Hebei Shexian county. Questionnaires content:basic information (sex, age, nationality, marital status etc.), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, pesticide exposure etc.), chronic non-communicable diseases history (hypertension, dyslipidemia, anemia, diabetes etc.) and physical examination (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure). (2) Dietary survey by stratified random sampling method was conducted, extracted of a total 449 subjects in Lishui district, including 171 objects from7 to 18 years old,108 women,70 Disabled,100 elderly population and 196 dietary data from SheXian county. Food frequency questionnaire was used to the dietary investigation, and dietary survey content:dietary structures, intakes frequency, consumption etc. Daily dietary intakes and dietary structures and nutrients intakes of different groups were analyzed. (3) According to the results of health and nutrition survey, comparing the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases of the two regions, finding out the similarities and differences and investigating the main influencing factors of chronic diseases risk. According to the elderly populations’dietary survey, dietary structure and nutrients intakes level were compared and the relationship between dietary and chronic diseases was discussed of the two regions.Results(1) Health and nutrition status of objects under 18 years old group:obesity accounted for 36.3%, emaciation accounted for 5.9%, malnutrition accounted for 3.9% of children aged 0 to 6 years old; for 7 to 17 years old objects obesity, overweight, angular, malnutrition rates are 7.7%,17.1%,10.6%,7.7%, respectively. 35.8% of them energy intakes are more than the recommendations, nutrients like vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and calcium intakes are insufficient; the situation of vitamin E, iron intakes are well.(2) Health and nutrition status of the women group:hypertension, chronic stomach disease, diabetes and anemia are still the main chronic diseases influence on rural women’s health. The dietary category is various, while daily intakes insufficient, such as only 19.4% of women consume dairy and average consumption only 8.3 g/d. Cooking oil and salt intakes are excessive; vitamins daily intakes like vitamin A, Bi, B2, C and minerals like calcium, iron have much more lower proportion according to the recommendation of dietary intakes.(3) Health and nutrition status of the disabled population:hypertension, chronic stomach disease, and the disability disease burden are the major problems influencing their life quality. Dietary structure was unreasonable; for this group, most respondents variety of nutrients intakes did not reach RNI recommendations and vitamin A and B intakes insufficient situation are serious, while daily intakes of vitamin E is sufficient.(4) Health and nutrition status of the elderly group:major chronic diseases burden are hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and chronic stomach disease. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, marriage, income, occupation, BMI are the main influence factor of chronic diseases; meanwhile, smoking, drinking and a higher percentage of pesticide exposure also deepened the occurrence and suffer of chronic diseases; The burden of chronic diseases reduced the quality of life of the elderly. Between the two regions, main energy providing nutrients intakes are similar; dietary structure has certain regional differences, and respondents daily nutrients intakes like vitamin E, iron, manganese intakes suitable proportion are more than 50% according to DRIs recommendations, nevertheless, the rest of nutrients intakes suitable proportion are low; and high sodium, excessive fat, low vegetable and fruit diet intakes pattern is closely related to the occurrence of chronic diseases.Conclusion(1) higher incidence of chronic diseases occurred among these special groups, such as obesity, emaciation, hypertension, chronic stomach disease, dyslipidemia and diabetes. For the seriously suffering of chronic diseases in the two regions; suitable measures for the NCDs prevention and control are very urgent; implementation, intervention and guidance should be carry out by native medical centre to improve the nutrition and health status of priority groups in the rural regions. All kind of groups dietary intakes status were unreasonable, dietary categories were not abundant, inadequate and excessive nutrients intakes co-exist, lack of nutrition health care consciousness and knowledge. (2) In different regions, rural elderly population structure were similar. The characteristics of "double low with single high and noticeable phenomenon", namely, cultural and income level are low, high incidence of chronic diseases, empty-nest phenomenon is obvious; and this is also the current statement of most regions in rural China; chronic diseases include hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and chronic stomach have enormous impact on the quality of life of elderly group in rural; At the same time, the unreasonable dietary structure, malnutrition and overnutrition coexist, they were described as, namely, "high dietary sodium and fat; low Vegetables and fruit intakes, insufficient of vitamin and minerals intakes". For the improvement of rural elderly group life quality, dietary structure should adjust, policy support, health education are urgent and to find suitable lifestyle for the rural elderly group are necessary. |
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