| Chapter One Studies on the Chemical Components of Scutellaria amoena C.H.WrightScutellaria amoena belong to Scutellaria genus of the family Labiatae is the main varieties of medicinal Scutellaria baicalensis in Southwest China,with heat dampness,purging fire for removing toxin,miscarriage prevention.Objective:In order to further study the chemical constituents of Scutellaria amoena;Method:Using ethanol reflux extraction method to make total extract,using various chromatographic methods to separation and purification.Results:Fifteen compounds were isolated from the underground part of Scu tellaria amoena including biacalein(1),oroxylin A(2),wogonin(3),chrysin-7-O-β-D-glu-coside(4),5,7,2’-tetrehydroxy-6-methoxyflavone(5),oroxylin A-7-O-β-Dglucosi-de 6’’-ethyl ester(6),chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucoside 6’’-methyl ester(7),oroxy lin A-7-O-β-D-glucoside 6’’-methyl ester(8),chrysin(9),5,7,2’-Tetrehydroxy-6-me thoxyfl-avone-7-O-β-D-glucoside 6’’-methyl ester(10),wogonin-7-O-β-D-glucoside 6’’-me-thyl ester(11),oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucoside(12),norwogonin(13),β-sitos terol(14),baicalin(15).Among them,compound 10 was a new compound.Co mpo-und 4,6,7,8,11,12 which were first isolated from the underground part of the underground part of the Scutellaria amoena.Eleven compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Scutellaria amoena including biacalein(1),oroxylin A(2),wogonin(3),chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide(4),chrysin(5),5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyflavone(6),oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-gluc uronide(7),norwogonin(8),β-sitostero(9),baicalin(10),scutellarin(11).Discussion:There is no relevant literature report on the study of the chemical components of the aerial part of Scutellaria amoena.We made the first study on it.The composition of the aerial part is similar to the underground part.Therefore,it may play a similar pharmacological activity,The objective evaluated the medicinal value of the aerial part of Scutellaria amoena.Chapter Two Extraction technology of total flavonoids from Scutellaria amoenaObjective:Flavonoids is the main effective components of Scutellaria amoena. The extraction process of total flavonoids is still to be further studied. Method:This paper take the root of Scutellaria amoena as raw material.Using single factor test and orthogonal test optimized the extraction process of total flavonoids from the root of Scutellaria amoena.Results:Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimum extraction conditions were the extraction temperature is 50°C,the extraction time is 4 hours,the ethanol concentration is 55%,the amount of enzyme is 60 U/g,the liquid feed ratio is 30:1(m L/g).The average yield of total flavonoids was 24.03 %.Chapter Three Study on purification of BaicalinBaicalin,as a natural antioxidant,has important pharmacological activity. Objective:In order to obtain a simple and efficient method for purification of baicalin in Scutellaria amoena. Method: Using acid precipitation to purify the baicalin from the total flavonoids of Scutellaria amoena, using high performance liquid ch-romatography to detected the purity and the content of baicalin,using four factors and three levels orthogonal experiment to optimize the purification conditions of baicalin. Results:The PH value of acid precipitation is 1,holding temperature is 60°C,soaking time is 1.5h. In this condition,the yield and purity of baicalin respectively is 11.03% and 88.44%.Chapter Four Study on antioxidant activity of Scutellaria amoenaThe main ingredients of Scutellaria amoena is flavonoids,while most flavonoids have good antioxidant activity.Objective:In order to further understand the antioxidant activity of Scutellaria amoena.Method: using the methods of scavenging DPPH·,OH· and O2-· in vitro to study the antioxidant activity of components. Results:Scutellaria amoena total extract and other extraction layer,has good antioxidant activity,except the petroleum ether laye. The Scutellaria amoena on the part of the total extract of n-butanol layer scavenging DPPH· and OH· activity was the strongest,with the IC50 respectively is 0.0278 mg/m L and 0.152 mg/m L. Scutellaria amoena root total extract n-butanol layer scavenging O2-· activity was the strongest,with the IC50 is 0.542 mg/m L.In addition,we found five active compounds can scavenging DPPH· from the Scutellaria amoena. Respectively is Oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-ethylglucuronide,Chrysin-7-O-β-D-methylglucuronide,Baicalin,Biacalein and Scutellarin. Scavenging DPPH·IC50 respectively is 0.00916 mg/m L,0.00974 mg/m L,0.00456 mg/m L,0.00328 mg/m L and 0.00324 mg/m L.Chapter Five Study on the lipid lowering activity of Scutellaria amoena total extractObjective:To investigate whether Scutellaria amoena total extract has the activity of reducing blood lipid. Method:The hyperlipidemia model was established by high fat diet,and determined by collecting blood samples. After the success of the model,the high fat model rats was random Ly divided into model group,fenofibrate positive medicine group(20 mg/kg),high dose group of total extract of Scutellaria amoena(100 mg/kg)and low dose group of total extract of Scutellaria amoena(20 mg/kg). Each experimental group have 6 rats,another 6 rats were given normal diet as normal group. Filling the stomach for 4 weeks,Collected the last three days feces,for the total bile acid content test,abdominal aortic blood for blood lipid levels tests.Results:After eight weeks,the serum levels of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in the rats fed with high-fat diet(P<0.05). Show that the model is successful. Compared with the normal group,the model group serum TG,TC,LDL-C levels were significantly increased(P<0.01). HDL-C decreased obviously. Compared with the model group, high dose group and low dose group of total extract of Scutellaria amoena can significantly reduce the high fat rat model of TG,TC and LDL-C level(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and showed a significant dose effect relationship.Compared with the normal group,High fat model group of liver TG,TC levels and fecal TBA levels were significantly elevated(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,high dose group and low dose group of total extract of Scutellaria amoena can significantly reduce the high fat rat model of TG,TC and LDL-C level,elevate TBA level in faeces(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Chapter seven Research progress of Medicinal Scutellaria baicalensis GeorgiIn this paper,the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of several medicinal Scutellaria baicalensis were summarized. |
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