Surveillance On The Nature Environment And Occupational Population Of Avian Influenza In Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps, 2012-2014

Objective:To monitor the distribution and prevalence of avian influenza in natural environment in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. To control the contamination of H5, H7 and H9 of avian influenza virus, and analyze the risk factors of infection. In order to investigate the status of the high risk population of avian influenza in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, explore occupational population exposure avian influenza risk factors for the prevention of avian influenza to provide a scientific basis. Methods: Natural environmental samples like water, poultry feces and cage surface were collected from such monitoring points as wholesale market of living poultry, farm produce fair market in urban and rural areas, large-scale poultry breeding sites, backyard farms. All samples were detected with the method of RT-PCR or Real-time PCR in terms of influenza virus nucleic acid A, of which the positive one will be further detected in terms of H5, H7 and H9. Collected occupational exposure to human serum from live poultry wholesale market, urban and rural farmers markets, scale poultry farms, poultry scattered raising households and poultry slaughter and processing plants. Using the horse red blood cell hemagglutination inhibition(HI) tests to detect H5 hemagglutinin antibody for occupational population. Results:In external environmental monitoring, 793 samples were detected, and 97 positive samples were FluA positive, the positive rate of avian influenza virus was 12.2%. After the detection of FluA, There were 9, 0 and 64 specimens by H5, H7 and H9 respectively, and the positive rate was 8.1%, 0% and 1.1% respectively. H5 was detected in 2013, H9 was detected in all years and the positive rate of H9 was the highest in every year, the H7 subtype was not detected in three years. The positive detection rate of avian influenza virus in the urban and rural areas such as live poultry market, poultry farms and scattered poultry farms were 16%, 6.3% and 4.5% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(2? =17.156, P=0.000). In different types of samples, cleaning poultry sewage was the highest positive rate of 19.7%, followed by cage surface Sassafras swab specimens, poultry drinking water samples and slaughtered or placed on the surface of the chopping board Sassafras swab specimens, 12.3%, 10.1% and 9.3%. Stool is the lowest 8.9%, the difference by statistical test is statistically significant(2? =12.835, P=0.012). In the 97 positive samples, the detection rate of different types specimen was different in external environmental monitoring. There were 79 positive samples in the urban and rural areas of live poultry market, the positive rate of 81.4%, and all types of specimens were positive, and the positive rate was 41.8%. The stool, cage surface and poultry drinking water samples were detected in each of the 5 in large-scale poultry breeding sites. From 2012 to 2014,563 serum specimens were collected from the occupational populations, the antibody positive rates for H5 subtypes were 0.36%. 71 person had received influenza vaccine in recent years, vaccination rate was 12.61%. Avian influenza vaccine inoculation was 76.91% among the occupational populations contacted with poultry. 6.22% serum samples with titer(20 ≤ HI<160) came mainly from the slaughter and processing of poultry workers and farmers. There was no significant difference in terms of gender(2? =2.405, P>0.05); and also no statistical difference(2? =0.284, P>0.05)for the populations contacted with bird flu but given vaccination. Conclusion:The presence of avian influenza virus is widespread in urban and rural living bird market, H5 and H9 subtype is the main pathogen. To prevent the occurrence of avian influenza, long-term continuous monitoring mechanism should be established, and the key monitoring sites are the urban and rural areas, the management of the market, and the operation environment of the market, and the disposal of the sewage disposal. The H5 subtypes avian influenza virus caused asymptomatic infection was proved to be existed within the population exposed to the poultry in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, suggesting that the poultry occupational population was under the risk of avian influenza virus infection. Strengthen the monitoring, to carry out avian influenza health prevention knowledge propaganda and take appropriate behavioral intervention, for the early warning and prevention of avian influenza has a very important significance.