Preparation Of Porous Carbon Nanomaterials And Electrochemical Applications

Porous carbon nanomaterials, because of their larger surface area,regulated pore structure, high electronic conductivity, and excellent chemical stability, have attracted more and more attention in the applications of supercapacitors and electrochmical sensing. The perforamce of supercapacitors and electrochemical sensors are strongly dependent on the used electrode materials, so the preparation of novel porous carbon materials from new carbon precursors using new synthetic methods and exploiting their application in supercapacitors and electrochemical sensing are of great importance.. In this thesis, several porous carbon nanomaterials were facilely synthesized with different precursors using different synthetic methods, and these porous carbon nanomaterials were successfully used for supercapacitors and electrochemical deterimination of small biomolecules. The main contents are as follows.1. A new porous carbon was prepared using rice husk as a carbon precursor by the direct carbonization and simultaneous KOH-activation of. The as-prepared porous carbon served as an electrode material for supercapacitors showed high specific capacitance, excellent rate capability, and good cycling stability.2. Three-dimensional activated graphene networks(3DAGNs) weresynthesized by the direct carbonization and simultaneous chemical activation of a cobalt ion-impregnated D113-type ion exchange resin.Then, a 3DAGNs–sulfonate-terminated polymer(STP) nanocomposite was prepared via the in situ chemical co-polymerization of m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and aniline in the presence of 3DAGNs.The 3DAGNs–STP nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE) was used for the electrochemical detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid, with a broad linear response range, high sensitivity, and low detection limit.3. Direct pyrolysis of a mixture comprising polyaniline nanofibers and iron nitrate is found to be an a simple and scalable approach to the synthesis of Fe and N co-doped graphene networks for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic solutions with high catalytic activity and excellent durability. The graphene modified GCE was successfully used for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.